ABSTRACT

Introduction

Influenza vaccine is the mainstay for influenza prevention and elicits immune response and antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus. However, antigenic drift and shift can confer influenza virus to escape from the immune response induced by vaccine, and then reduce the vaccine effectiveness.

Areas covered

To improve effect and neutralizing antibody response of vaccine for heterologous influenza virus, a literature review of preclinical and clinical studies published before August 2021 and searched in PubMed, which evaluated vaccine effectiveness improved by adjuvants and administration route.

Expert opinion

The review showed that adjuvant, including imiquimod, GLA, MF59, and AS03, can improve the effectiveness of influenza vaccines by regulating immune system. Subjects receiving influenza vaccine combined with these adjuvants showed enhanced antibody response against homologous and heterologous virus strains compared to those vaccinated without adjuvant. This review also discussed the role of intradermal vaccination. In contrast to intramuscular vaccination, intradermal vaccination elicited a robust and prolonged antibody response against vaccine strains and drifted virus than intramuscular vaccination.

中文翻译：

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扩大流感疫苗中和抗体反应的方法

摘要

介绍

流感疫苗是预防流感的中流砥柱，可引发免疫反应和针对流感病毒的抗原特异性中和抗体。然而，抗原漂移和转移可以使流感病毒逃避疫苗诱导的免疫反应，从而降低疫苗的有效性。

涵盖的领域

为了提高异源流感病毒疫苗的效果和中和抗体反应，2021 年 8 月之前发表并在 PubMed 中检索的临床前和临床研究的文献综述评估了佐剂和给药途径改善的疫苗有效性。

专家意见

综述表明，包括咪喹莫特、GLA、MF59和AS03在内的佐剂可以通过调节免疫系统来提高流感疫苗的有效性。与未接种佐剂的人相比，接受流感疫苗与这些佐剂结合的受试者显示出对同源和异源病毒株的抗体反应增强。本综述还讨论了皮内疫苗接种的作用。与肌肉内疫苗接种相比，皮内疫苗接种比肌肉内疫苗接种引起了针对疫苗株和漂移病毒的强烈而持久的抗体反应。