The effects of corticosteroid use on the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ChAd) vaccine were evaluated. Healthcare workers (HCWs) who took low-dose corticosteroid agents around the time of the first dose of ChAd (ChAdPd group) were recruited and the reactogenicity and immunogenicity were compared with those of ChAd (ChAd group) and BNT162b2 vaccination (BNT group) of HCWs without corticosteroid exposure. The immunogenicity was measured three weeks after vaccination using quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) antibody electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay. A total of 67 HCWs comprising 24 ChAd, 29 BNT, and 14 ChAdPd was included. The median total corticosteroid dose of the ChAdPd group was 30 mg prednisolone equivalents (interquartile range (IQR) 20–71.3 mg). HCWs in the ChAdPd group experienced significantly milder reactogenicity (median total score 7.5, IQR 4.0–18.0) compared to those in the ChAd group (median 23.0, IQR 8.0–43.0, P=0.012) but similar to that in the BNT group (median 5.0, IQR 3.0–9.0, P=0.067). The S antibody concentration of the ChAdPd group (62.4 ± 70.0 U/mL) was higher than that of the ChAd group, though without statistical significance (3.45 ± 57.6 U/mL, P=0.192). The cellular immune response was most robust in the ChAdPd group, with significantly higher IFN-γ concentration (5.363 ± 4.276 IU/mL), compared to the ChAd (0.978 ± 1.181 IU/mL, P=0.002) and BNT (1.656 ± 1.925 IU/mL, P=0.009) groups. This finding suggest that short-term corticosteroid reduces reactogenicity of the first dose of ChAd without hindering immunogenicity.

评估了皮质类固醇使用对 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (ChAd) 疫苗的反应原性和免疫原性的影响。招募在第一剂 ChAd 前后服用低剂量皮质类固醇药物的医护人员 (HCW)（ChAdPd 组），并将反应原性和免疫原性与 ChAd（ChAd 组）和 BNT162b2 疫苗接种（BNT 组）的反应原性和免疫原性进行比较。未接触皮质类固醇的医护人员。使用定量抗 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白 (S) 抗体电化学发光免疫测定和干扰素γ (IFN-γ) 释放测定法测量疫苗接种后三周的免疫原性。总共包括 67 个 HCW，包括 24 个 ChAd、29 个 BNT 和 14 个 ChAdPd。ChAdPd 组的中位总皮质类固醇剂量为 30 mg 泼尼松龙当量（四分位距 (IQR) 20–71.3 mg）。磷=0.012) 但与 BNT 组相似（中位数 5.0，IQR 3.0-9.0， 磷=0.067）。ChAdPd 组的 S 抗体浓度（62.4 ± 70.0 U/mL）高于 ChAd 组，但无统计学意义（3.45 ± 57.6 U/mL，磷=0.192）。ChAdPd 组的细胞免疫反应最为强烈，与 ChAd（0.978 ± 1.181 IU/mL）相比，IFN-γ 浓度（5.363 ± 4.276 IU/mL）显着更高，磷=0.002) 和 BNT (1.656 ± 1.925 IU/mL, 磷=0.009) 组。这一发现表明短期皮质类固醇降低了第一剂 ChAd 的反应原性，而不会阻碍免疫原性。