Nearly 40 years have passed since the initial cases of infection with the human mmunodeficiency virus (HIV) were identified as a new disease entity and the cause of acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS). This virus, unlike any other, is capable of causing severe suppression of our adaptive immune defense mechanisms by directly infecting and destroying helper T cells leading to increased susceptibility to a wide variety of microbial pathogens, especially those considered to be intracellular or opportunistic. After T cells are infected, HIV reproduces itself via a somewhat unique mechanism involving various metabolic steps, which includes the use of a reverse transcriptase enzyme that enables the viral RNA to produce copies of its complementary DNA. Subsequent physiologic steps lead to the production of new virus progeny and the eventual death of the invaded T cell. Fortunately, both serologic and molecular tests (such as PCR) can be used to confirm the diagnosis of an HIV infection. In the wake of the current COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that people living with HIV/AIDS are equally or slightly more susceptible to the etiologic agent, SARS-CoV-2, than the general population having intact immune systems, but they may have more serious outcomes. Limited clinical trials have also shown that the currently available COVID-19 vaccines are both safe and effective in affording protection to HIV/AIDS patients. In this review, we further explore the unique dynamic of HIV/AIDS in the context of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of vaccines as a protective measure against COVID-19, as well as what immune parameters and safeguards should be monitored in this immunocompromised group following vaccination.

中文翻译：

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用于 HIV 感染患者的 COVID-19 疫苗

自从人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的最初感染病例被确定为一种新的疾病实体和获得性免疫缺陷病 (AIDS) 的原因以来，已经过去了近 40 年。与其他病毒不同，这种病毒能够通过直接感染和破坏辅助性 T 细胞来严重抑制我们的适应性免疫防御机制，从而增加对多种微生物病原体的易感性，尤其是那些被认为是细胞内病原体或机会性病原体的病原体。在 T 细胞被感染后，HIV 通过一种涉及各种代谢步骤的有点独特的机制进行自我复制，其中包括使用逆转录酶，使病毒 RNA 能够产生其互补 DNA 的副本。随后的生理步骤导致新病毒后代的产生和入侵的 T 细胞的最终死亡。幸运的是，血清学和分子检测（如 PCR）均可用于确认 HIV 感染的诊断。在当前的 COVID-19 大流行之后，与具有完整免疫系统的一般人群相比，艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者似乎对病原体 SARS-CoV-2 的敏感性相同或略高，但他们可能已经更严重的后果。有限的临床试验还表明，目前可用的 COVID-19 疫苗在为 HIV/AIDS 患者提供保护方面既安全又有效。在本次审查中，我们进一步探讨了在全球 COVID-19 大流行的背景下 HIV/AIDS 的独特动态以及将疫苗作为针对 COVID-19 的保护措施的实施，