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Agro-residues for clean electricity: A thermo-property characterization of cocoa and kolanut waste blends
Heliyon ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08055
Titus O Ajewole 1 , Francis B Elehinafe 2 , Oyetunji B Okedere 3 , Tobiloba E Somefun 4
Affiliation  

Huge quantities of harvest wastes that are generated from agricultural practices at every farming season in Nigeria are not put into significant use. As an attempt towards adopting these abundant by-products as bioenergy resources for electricity generation, yearly quantities of both cocoa and kolanut harvest residues were estimated in this study. Hygroscopic natures and moisture contents of the two, and their blends, were also analyzed and compared. It was estimated that approximately 681,000 tons and 90,000 tons of cocoa and kolanut husks respectively, are produced in the country annually. While the proximate analyses showed that the sample made of 100% cocoa waste had the least volatile matter and moisture contents in addition to having highest fixed ash and fixed carbon contents, the reverse was the case with the sample made of 100% kolanut waste composition. From the ultimate analyses, however, the latter appears to possess the best characteristic (highest hydrogen and least oxygen contents), but its highest nitrogen content is a pointer to its exhibition of poor thermal property. The gross calorific contents of the samples were, therefore employed for definitive determination of their thermoelectric potentials and these gave higher heating values of 15.19 MJ/kg and 13.87 MJ/kg respectively, with the blends having their values within this range in proportionality to the mass percentage of kolanut husk in the blends. In addition to the two wastes exhibiting good energy characteristics, the study concludes that their blending offers benefit of reduction in ash content. At the optimal blend of equal composition of the two materials (50%CPH/50%KPH), it is estimated that 29,000 MW of electricity is accruable from the wastes.



中文翻译:

用于清洁电力的农业残留物:可可和可乐果废物混合物的热性能表征

尼日利亚每个农季的农业实践产生的大量收获废物并未得到大量使用。作为尝试将这些丰富的副产品用作发电的生物能源资源,本研究估计了可可和可乐果的年收获量。还分析和比较了两者及其混合物的吸湿性和水分含量。据估计,该国每年分别生产约 681,000 吨和 90,000 吨可可和可乐果壳。虽然近似分析表明由 100% 可可废料制成的样品除了具有最高的固定灰分和固定碳含量外,还具有最少的挥发性物质和水分含量,由 100% 可乐果废物成分制成的样品的情况正好相反。然而,从最终分析来看,后者似乎拥有最好的特性(最高的氢含量和最少的氧含量),但其最高的氮含量表明其热性能较差。因此,使用样品的总热量含量来确定它们的热电势,它们分别给出了更高的热值,分别为 15.19 MJ/kg 和 13.87 MJ/kg,混合物的值在此范围内与质量成正比混合物中可乐果壳的百分比。除了表现出良好能量特性的两种废物外,该研究还得出结论,将它们混合后可降低灰分含量。/ 50%KPH),估计可从废物中获得 29,000 兆瓦的电力。

更新日期:2021-09-22
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