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DKK1 suppresses WWP2 to enhance bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma via regulating GLI2 ubiquitination.
Carcinogenesis ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-26 , DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab086
Qiguo Zhang 1, 2 , Wenyu Gong 2 , Hongyan Wu 3 , Jing Wang 1 , Qichuan Jin 2 , Chun Lin 2 , Shiyun Xu 2 , Wenqiang Bao 2 , Yin Wang 2 , Jing Wu 2 , Shanshan Feng 2 , Changzhi Zhao 2 , Bing Chen 1 , Zhiqiang Liu 4
Affiliation  

Bortezomib-based chemotherapy represents the most prevalent regimens for multiple myeloma (MM), whereas acquired drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Myeloma cells often produce excessive amount of dickkopf-1 (DKK1), giving rise to myeloma bone disease. However, it remains obscure about the effects and mechanisms of DKK1 in the progression and bortezomib responsiveness of MM cells. In the current study, we found WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, was downregulated in the bortezomib-resistant cells along with high expression of DKK1. Further investigation revealed that WWP2 was a direct target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and DKK1 suppressed the expression of WWP2 via canonical Wnt signaling. We further identified that WWP2 mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of GLI2, a main transcriptional factor of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Therefore, DKK1-induced WWP2 downregulation improved GLI2 stability and activation of Hh signaling pathway, contributing to the resistance to bortezomib of MM cells. Clinical data also validated that WWP2 expression was associated with the treatment response and clinic outcomes of MM patients. WWP2 overexpression restricted MM progression and enhanced cell sensitivity to bortezomib treatment in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that DKK1 facilitates the generation of bortezomib resistance in MM via downregulating WWP2 and activating Hh pathway. Thus, the manipulation of DKK1-WWP2-GLI2 axis might sensitize myeloma cells to proteasome inhibitors.

中文翻译:

DKK1 通过调节 GLI2 泛素化抑制 WWP2 以增强多发性骨髓瘤中的硼替佐米耐药性。

基于硼替佐米的化疗代表了多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 最流行的方案,而获得性耐药性仍然是一个主要障碍。骨髓瘤细胞通常会产生过量的 dickkopf-1 (DKK1),从而引起骨髓瘤骨病。然而,DKK1 在 MM 细胞进展和硼替佐米反应中的作用和机制仍然不清楚。在目前的研究中,我们发现 WWP2(一种 E3 泛素蛋白连接酶)在硼替佐米耐药细胞中下调,同时 DKK1 高表达。进一步研究表明,WWP2 是 Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路的直接靶点,而 DKK1 通过经典 Wnt 信号通路抑制 WWP2 的表达。我们进一步确定 WWP2 介导了 GLI2 的泛素化和降解,GLI2 是 Hedgehog (Hh) 途径的主要转录因子。因此,DKK1 诱导的 WWP2 下调改善了 GLI2 的稳定性和 Hh 信号通路的激活,有助于 MM 细胞对硼替佐米的抗性。临床数据还证实 WWP2 表达与 MM 患者的治疗反应和临床结果相关。WWP2 过表达在体外和体内限制了 MM 进展并增强了细胞对硼替佐米治疗的敏感性。总之,我们的研究结果表明 DKK1 通过下调 WWP2 和激活 Hh 通路促进 MM 中硼替佐米耐药性的产生。因此,DKK1-WWP2-GLI2 轴的操作可能使骨髓瘤细胞对蛋白酶体抑制剂敏感。临床数据还证实 WWP2 表达与 MM 患者的治疗反应和临床结果相关。WWP2 过表达在体外和体内限制了 MM 进展并增强了细胞对硼替佐米治疗的敏感性。总之,我们的研究结果表明 DKK1 通过下调 WWP2 和激活 Hh 通路促进 MM 中硼替佐米耐药性的产生。因此,DKK1-WWP2-GLI2 轴的操作可能使骨髓瘤细胞对蛋白酶体抑制剂敏感。临床数据还证实 WWP2 表达与 MM 患者的治疗反应和临床结果相关。WWP2 过表达在体外和体内限制了 MM 进展并增强了细胞对硼替佐米治疗的敏感性。总之,我们的研究结果表明 DKK1 通过下调 WWP2 和激活 Hh 通路促进 MM 中硼替佐米耐药性的产生。因此,DKK1-WWP2-GLI2 轴的操作可能使骨髓瘤细胞对蛋白酶体抑制剂敏感。我们的研究结果表明 DKK1 通过下调 WWP2 和激活 Hh 通路促进 MM 中硼替佐米耐药性的产生。因此,DKK1-WWP2-GLI2 轴的操作可能使骨髓瘤细胞对蛋白酶体抑制剂敏感。我们的研究结果表明 DKK1 通过下调 WWP2 和激活 Hh 通路促进 MM 中硼替佐米耐药性的产生。因此,DKK1-WWP2-GLI2 轴的操作可能使骨髓瘤细胞对蛋白酶体抑制剂敏感。
更新日期:2021-09-21
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