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Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 partially protects rhesus macaques against reinfection with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants
Science Translational Medicine ( IF 17.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-21 , DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2641
Abishek Chandrashekar 1 , Jinyan Liu 1 , Jingyou Yu 1 , Katherine McMahan 1 , Lisa H Tostanoski 1 , Catherine Jacob-Dolan 1, 2 , Noe B Mercado 1 , Tochi Anioke 1 , Aiquan Chang 1, 2 , Sarah Gardner 1 , Victoria M Giffin 1 , David L Hope 1 , Felix Nampanya 1 , Shivani Patel 1 , Owen Sanborn 1 , Daniel Sellers 1 , Huahua Wan 1 , Amanda J Martinot 3 , John J Baczenas 4 , Shelby L O'Connor 4 , Laurent Pessaint 5 , Daniel Valentin 5 , Benjamin Espina 5 , Lauren Wattay 5 , Maria G Ferrari 5 , Renita Brown 5 , Anthony Cook 5 , Deandre Bueno-Wilkerson 5 , Elyse Teow 5 , Hanne Andersen 5 , Mark G Lewis 5 , Dan H Barouch 1, 2, 6
Affiliation  

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that result in increased transmissibility and partial evasion of neutralizing antibodies have recently emerged. Whether natural immunity induced by the original SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain protects against rechallenge with these SARS-CoV-2 variants remains a critical unresolved question. In this study, we show that natural immunity induced by the WA1/2020 strain leads to partial but incomplete protection against the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta) in rhesus macaques. We challenged rhesus macaques with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 and showed that infection with these variants resulted in high viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract. We then infected rhesus macaques with the WA1/2020 strain and rechallenged them on day 35 with the WA1/2020, B.1.1.7, or B.1.351 variants. Natural immunity to WA1/2020 led to robust protection against rechallenge with WA1/2020 but only partial protection against rechallenge with B.1.351. An intermediate degree of protection was observed in rhesus macaques against rechallenge with B.1.1.7. These data demonstrate partial but incomplete protective efficacy of natural immunity induced by WA1/2020 against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Our findings have important implications for both vaccination and public health strategies in the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

中文翻译:

先前感染 SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 可部分保护恒河猴免受 B.1.1.7 和 B.1.351 变体的再次感染

最近出现了严重的急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 变体,这些变体导致传播性增加和中和抗体的部分逃避。由原始 SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 毒株诱导的自然免疫是否可以防止这些 SARS-CoV-2 变体再次受到攻击,这仍然是一个尚未解决的关键问题。在这项研究中,我们表明由 WA1/2020 菌株诱导的自然免疫导致对恒河猴中 SARS-CoV-2 变体 B.1.1.7 (alpha) 和 B.1.351 (beta) 的部分但不完全保护。我们用 B.1.1.7 和 B.1.351 对恒河猴进行了挑战,结果表明感染这些变体会导致上呼吸道和下呼吸道的病毒高度复制。然后,我们用 WA1/2020 菌株感染恒河猴,并在第 35 天用 WA1/2020、B.1.1.7、或 B.1.351 变体。对 WA1/2020 的天然免疫导致对 WA1/2020 再次攻击的强大保护,但对 B.1.351 的再次攻击只能提供部分保护。在恒河猴中观察到对 B.1.1.7 再次攻击的中等程度的保护。这些数据证明了由 WA1/2020 诱导的自然免疫对 SARS-CoV-2 相关变体的部分但不完全的保护作用。在关注新出现的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的背景下,我们的研究结果对疫苗接种和公共卫生策略具有重要意义。这些数据证明了由 WA1/2020 诱导的自然免疫对 SARS-CoV-2 相关变体的部分但不完全的保护作用。在关注新出现的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的背景下,我们的研究结果对疫苗接种和公共卫生策略具有重要意义。这些数据证明了由 WA1/2020 诱导的自然免疫对 SARS-CoV-2 相关变体的部分但不完全的保护作用。在关注新出现的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的背景下,我们的研究结果对疫苗接种和公共卫生策略具有重要意义。
更新日期:2021-11-04
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