We study how social preferences and norms of reciprocity are related to generalized (outgroup) and particularized (ingroup) trust among members of youth business groups in northern Ethiopia. The Ethiopian government promotes youth employment among land-poor rural youth by allocating them rehabilitated communal lands for the formation of sustainable businesses. The typical sustainable production activities that the groups can invest in include apiculture, forestry, horticulture, and livestock production. Our study used incentivized experiments to elicit social preferences, trust, and trustworthiness. We use data from 2427 group members in 246 functioning business groups collected in 2019. Altruistic and egalitarian preferences were associated with stronger norms to reciprocate, higher outgroup and ingroup trustworthiness and trust while spiteful and selfish preferences had opposite effects. The social preferences had both direct and indirect effects (through the norm to reciprocate) on trustworthiness and trust. Ingroup trust was positively correlated with a number of group performance indicators.

中文翻译：

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青年商业团体的偏好、信任和表现。

我们研究了社会偏好和互惠规范如何与埃塞俄比亚北部青年商业团体成员之间的广义（外群体）和特殊（内群体）信任相关。埃塞俄比亚政府通过为土地贫乏的农村青年分配修复过的公共土地来促进他们的青年就业，以建立可持续的企业。集团可以投资的典型可持续生产活动包括养蜂业、林业、园艺和畜牧业生产。我们的研究使用激励实验来引发社会偏好、信任和可信度。我们使用了 2019 年收集的 246 个正常运作的商业团体中 2427 名团体成员的数据。利他主义和平等主义偏好与更强的回报规范相关，较高的外群体和内群体的可信度和信任，而恶意和自私的偏好则产生相反的效果。社会偏好对可信度和信任有直接和间接的影响（通过规范来回报）。内群体信任与一些群体绩效指标呈正相关。