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Potassium fertilization improves growth, yield and seed quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress at different growth stages.
PLOS ONE ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-20 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256075
Javed Shabbir Dar 1 , Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema 2 , Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani 3 , Shahnwaz Khuhro 4 , Shahjahan Rajput 4 , Ahmad Latif Virk 5 , Sajid Hussain 6 , Muhammad Amjad Bashir 7 , Suliman M Alghanem 8 , Fahad Mohammed Al-Zuaibr 8 , Mohammad Javed Ansari 9 , Kamel Hessini 10
Affiliation  

Water scarcity is a major concern for sunflower production in the semi-arid and arid regions of the world. Potassium (K) application has been found effective to alleviate the influence of drought stress; however, the impact of drought stress on seed quality of sunflower has not been reported frequently. Therefore, a field experiment was performed to determine the optimum K requirement for mitigating the adverse effects of water stress and improving growth and seed quality of spring-planted sunflower. Sunflower plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages, i.e., Io = no stress (normal irrigation), I1 = pre-anthesisi stress (irrigation skipped at pre-anthesis stage), I2 = anthesis stress (irrigation skipped at anthesis stage) and I3 = post-anthesis stress (irrigation skipped at post-anthesis stage). Potassium was applied at four different rates, i.e., Ko = 0, K1 = 50, K2 = 100 and K3 = 150 kg ha-1. The results revealed that water stress at pre- and post-anthesis stages significantly reduced plant height, head diameter, number of achenes, oleic acid contents, and phosphorus (P) uptake. However, pre-anthesis stress improved linoleic acid contents. Treatment IoK3 (stress-free with 150 kg ha-1 K) was optimum combination for 1000-achene weight, biological and achene yields, oil contents, protein contents, and N and P uptake. Results indicated that a higher amount of K and irrigation resulted in higher yield, whereas yield and yield components decreased with early-stage water stress. Nevertheless, potassium application lowered the impacts of waters stress compared to no application. Keeping in view these results, it is recommended that sunflower must be supplied 150 kg ha-1 K in arid and semi-arid regions to achieve higher yield and better seed quality.

中文翻译:

施钾改善向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)在不同生长阶段干旱胁迫下的生长、产量和种子品质。

缺水是世界半干旱和干旱地区向日葵生产的主要问题。已发现钾 (K) 施用可有效减轻干旱胁迫的影响;然而,干旱胁迫对向日葵种子品质的影响却鲜有报道。因此,进行了一项田间试验,以确定减轻水分胁迫不利影响并改善春播向日葵生长和种子质量的最佳钾需求量。向日葵植物在不同的生长阶段受到水分胁迫,即 Io = 无胁迫(正常灌溉),I1 = 花前胁迫(在开花前阶段跳过灌溉),I2 = 花期胁迫(在开花阶段跳过灌溉)和 I3 = 开花后压力(在开花后阶段跳过灌溉)。钾以四种不同的比例施用,即 Ko = 0、K1 = 50、K2 = 100 和 K3 = 150 kg ha-1。结果表明,开花前和开花后阶段的水分胁迫显着降低了植物高度、头径、瘦果数量、油酸含量和磷 (P) 吸收。然而,花前胁迫提高了亚油酸含量。处理 IoK3(150 kg ha-1 K 无应力)是 1000 瘦果重量、生物和瘦果产量、油含量、蛋白质含量以及 N 和 P 吸收的最佳组合。结果表明,较高的钾和灌溉量导致较高的产量,而产量和产量成分随着早期水分胁迫而降低。然而,与不施钾相比,施钾降低了水胁迫的影响。考虑到这些结果,
更新日期:2021-09-20
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