Many experimental studies revealed subdiffusion of various nanoparticles in diverse polymer and colloidal solutions, cytosol and plasma membrane of biological cells, which are viscoelastic and, at the same time, highly inhomogeneous randomly fluctuating environments. The observed subdiffusion often combines features of ergodic fractional Brownian motion (reflecting viscoelasticity) and nonergodic jumplike non-Markovian diffusional processes (reflecting disorder). Accordingly, several theories were proposed to explain puzzling experimental findings. Below we show that some of the significant and profound published experimental results are better rationalized within the viscoelastic subdiffusion approach in random environments, which is based on generalized Langevin dynamics in random potentials, than some earlier proposed theories.

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随机环境中粘弹性子扩散的指纹：重温一些实验数据及其解释

许多实验研究表明，各种纳米粒子在不同聚合物和胶体溶液、生物细胞的细胞质和质膜中存在亚扩散，这些物质具有粘弹性，同时具有高度不均匀的随机波动环境。观察到的亚扩散通常结合了遍历分数布朗运动（反映粘弹性）和非遍历跳跃式非马尔可夫扩散过程（反映无序）的特征。因此，提出了几种理论来解释令人费解的实验结果。下面我们将展示一些重要而深刻的已发表实验结果在随机环境中的粘弹性子扩散方法中更好地合理化，该方法基于随机势中的广义朗之万动力学，而不是一些早期提出的理论。