Reforestation and restoration using nursery-produced seedlings is often the most reliable way to ensure successful establishment and rapid growth of native plants. Plant establishment success—that is, the ability for the plant to develop within a set period of time with minimal further interventions needed—depends greatly on decisions made prior to planting, and yet nursery-grown plants are often produced independently of considering the range of stressors encountered after nursery production. The optimal plant or seedling will vary greatly with species and site (depending on edaphic and environmental conditions), and in having the biological capacity to withstand human and wildlife pressures placed upon vegetative communities. However, when nursery production strategies incorporate knowledge of genetic variability, address limiting factors, and include potential mitigating measures, meeting the objectives of the planting project—be it reforestation or restoration—becomes more likely. The Target Plant Concept (TPC) is an effective framework for defining, producing, and handling seedlings and other types of plant material based on specific characteristics suited to a given site. These characteristics are often scientifically derived from testing factors that are linked to outplanting success, such as seedling morphology and physiology, genetic source, and capacity to overcome limiting factors on outplanting sites. This article briefly summarizes the current knowledge drawn from existing literature for each component of the TPC framework, thereby helping land managers and scientists to meet objectives and accelerate reforestation and restoration trajectories.

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目标植物概念的科学基础：概述

使用苗圃生产的幼苗重新造林和恢复通常是确保本地植物成功建立和快速生长的最可靠方法。植物定植成功——即植物在设定的时间段内在需要最少进一步干预的情况下发育的能力——在很大程度上取决于种植前做出的决定，但苗圃种植的植物通常独立于考虑范围苗圃生产后遇到的压力源。最佳植物或幼苗将因物种和地点（取决于土壤和环境条件）以及具有抵御人类和野生动物对植物群落施加的压力的生物能力而有很大差异。然而，当苗圃生产策略包含遗传变异的知识、解决限制因素时，并包括潜在的缓解措施，实现种植项目的目标——无论是重新造林还是恢复——变得更有可能。目标植物概念 (TPC) 是一个有效的框架，用于根据适合给定地点的特定特征来定义、生产和处理幼苗和其他类型的植物材料。这些特征通常科学地源自与外植成功相关的测试因素，例如幼苗形态和生理学、遗传来源以及克服外植地点限制因素的能力。本文简要总结了从现有文献中提取的 TPC 框架每个组成部分的当前知识，从而帮助土地管理者和科学家实现目标并加速重新造林和恢复轨迹。