Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDRE) are an emerging threat to global health, leading to rising health care costs, morbidity and mortality. Multidrug-resistance is commonly caused by different β-lactamases (e.g., ESBLs and carbapenemases), sometimes in combination with other resistance mechanisms (e.g., porin loss, efflux). The continuous spread of MDRE among patients in hospital settings and the healthy population require adjustments in healthcare management and routine diagnostics. Rapid and reliable detection of MDRE infections as well as gastrointestinal colonization is key to guide therapy and infection control measures. However, proper implementation of these strategies requires diagnostic methods with short time-to-result, high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, research on new techniques and improvement of already established protocols is inevitable. In this review, current methods for detection of MDRE are summarized with focus on culture based and molecular techniques, which are useful for the clinical microbiology laboratory.

中文翻译：

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检测耐多药肠杆菌——从 ESBL 到碳青霉烯酶

耐多药肠杆菌(MDRE) 是对全球健康的新威胁，导致医疗保健成本、发病率和死亡率上升。多药耐药通常由不同的 β-内酰胺酶（如 ESBL 和碳青霉烯酶）引起，有时与其他耐药机制（如孔蛋白丢失、外排）相结合。MDRE 在医院患者和健康人群中的持续传播需要调整医疗管理和常规诊断。快速可靠地检测 MDRE 感染以及胃肠道定植是指导治疗和感染控制措施的关键。然而，这些策略的正确实施需要具有短时间出结果、高灵敏度和特异性的诊断方法。因此，研究新技术和改进已经建立的协议是不可避免的。