Beginning in the seventeenth century, numerous attempts were made to reach a very high latitude or even the North Pole. One of the more successful of these was the Italian Arctic expedition of 1899–1900, led by Luigi Amedeo di Savoia (Duke of the Abruzzi). Using two successively returning support parties, di Savoia’s second-in-command, Captain Umberto Cagni’s party eventually reached 86°34’N north of their base in the Franz Josef Land archipelago before retreating due to lack of supplies. The second support party also returned safely to the base from 83°16’N. However, the first support party, led by Lieutenant Francesco Querini, disappeared without a trace after returning southwards from 82°32’N. Although previous studies have cited starvation from lack of food supplies or accidents as the potential causes of their disappearance, the extant literature does not provide any deeper analyses to explain these events. This study explores the hypothesis that the first support party in fact turned back from a much more westerly position than they thought. This, in combination with an untimely blizzard that prevented travelling for several days, most likely made it impossible for Querini and his two men to return to base before their limited supplies ran out.

中文翻译：

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1899 年至 1900 年的意大利北极探险：第一个支援队发生了什么？

从 17 世纪开始，人们进行了无数次尝试，以达到非常高的纬度甚至北极。其中最成功的一次是 1899 年至 1900 年的意大利北极探险，由 Luigi Amedeo di Savoia（阿布鲁齐公爵）领导。使用两个相继返回的支援队伍，迪萨沃亚的二把手，翁贝托·卡尼上尉的队伍最终到达了他们在法兰士约瑟夫地群岛基地以北 86°34'N 的地方，然后由于缺乏补给而撤退。第二支支援队也从 83°16'N 安全返回基地。然而，由弗朗西斯科·奎里尼中尉率领的第一支支援队在从北纬82°32'向南返回后消失得无影无踪。尽管之前的研究已经将缺乏食物供应或事故造成的饥饿列为它们失踪的潜在原因，现存的文献没有提供任何更深入的分析来解释这些事件。这项研究探讨了这样一个假设，即第一个支持党实际上从一个比他们想象的更偏西的位置转向了。再加上一场不合时宜的暴风雪，导致几天无法旅行，奎里尼和他的两个手下很可能无法在有限的补给用完之前返回基地。