Psychiatric disorders severely impact patients’ lives. Motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits are the most common symptoms observed in these patients and no effective treatment is still available, either due to the adverse side effects or the low rate of efficacy of currently available drugs. Neurogenesis recovery has been one important focus in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, which undeniably contributes to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. However, glial plasticity is emerging as a new strategy to explore the deficits observed in mood disorders and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind glio- and neurogenesis to better define treatments and preventive therapies, once adult cytogenesis is of pivotal importance to cognitive and emotional components of behavior, both in healthy and pathological contexts, including in psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the concepts and history of neuro- and gliogenesis, providing as well a reflection on the functional importance of cytogenesis in the context of disease.

精神疾病严重影响患者的生活。动机、认知和情绪缺陷是在这些患者中观察到的最常见症状，并且由于不良副作用或目前可用药物的低疗效率，仍然没有有效的治疗方法。神经发生恢复一直是治疗精神疾病的一个重要焦点，这无疑有助于抗抑郁药的治疗作用。然而，神经胶质可塑性正在成为一种探索情绪障碍中观察到的缺陷和治疗干预效果的新策略。因此，一旦成人细胞发生对行为的认知和情感成分至关重要，了解胶质细胞和神经发生背后的机制以更好地定义治疗和预防治疗至关重要，在健康和病理情况下，包括在精神疾病中。在这里，我们回顾了神经和胶质发生的概念和历史，并反思了细胞发生在疾病背景下的功能重要性。