Research projects in foreign materials science were analyzed. Specific technological methods for forming ceramic items were examined. The study presents a facility for injection molding of thermoplastic items based on ceramic and metal-ceramic powders developed at Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The heat transfer process during injection molding of a nozzle and the ball with an axial cylindrical hole, ring, and solid ball formed from ceramic materials based on powders of aluminum nitride, tungsten carbide, and silicon has been computer-modeled. Danger areas of local isothermal concentrations in molds have been identified. It has been established that the cooling time of thermoplastic mass in molds to reach the binder solidification temperature depends on the type of material to be injected. The pattern of the furnace temperature change to provide uniform heating of a cast product at the debinding stage was calculated. A sample of the temperature change patterns calculated during binder sublimation from a ball-shaped product of different sizes was presented. The process of mold filling with thermoplastic mass during injection molding of ceramic items in the form of a ball with a cylindrical hole, ring, solid ball, nozzle, and funnel based on powders of aluminum nitride, tungsten carbides, and silicon has been modeled using computer-assistance tools. Pressure distributions in mold cavities and time of filling with thermoplastic mass were obtained. The optimal location of the injection hole in molds has been determined at which the weld lines length is minimum at the end of the injection. The dependencies of the mold filling time and the weld lines length at different material viscosity values on the product's dimensional parameters have been defined. The experimental part of the injection molding technology was also considered for the aluminum nitride powder nozzle at argon arc welding. The graphs of minimum injection temperature changes have been obtained, at which the defect-free nozzle blanks are formed with changing binder concentration and mass viscosity. The obtained calculated data determine the whole complex of the injection molding technological features, which can be used to produce various shapes of ceramic items.

分析了国外材料科学的研究项目。研究了形成陶瓷制品的具体技术方法。该研究展示了一种基于陶瓷和金属陶瓷粉末的热塑性塑料制品注塑设备，该设备由乌克兰国家科学院巴库尔超硬材料研究所开发。喷嘴和带有轴向圆柱形孔、环和实心球的球的注射成型过程中的传热过程已经过计算机建模，该球由基于氮化铝、碳化钨和硅粉末的陶瓷材料制成。已经确定了霉菌中局部等温浓度的危险区域。已经确定，模具中热塑性物质达到粘合剂固化温度的冷却时间取决于要注射的材料类型。计算了在脱脂阶段为铸造产品提供均匀加热的炉温变化模式。展示了在粘合剂从不同尺寸的球形产品升华过程中计算出的温度变化模式样本。在以氮化铝、碳化钨和硅粉末为基础的球体、圆环、实心球、喷嘴和漏斗形式的陶瓷制品的注射成型过程中，用热塑性物质填充模具的过程已被建模计算机辅助工具。获得了模腔中的压力分布和填充热塑性物质的时间。模具中注射孔的最佳位置已经确定，在注射结束时熔接线长度最小。已经定义了不同材料粘度值下的模具填充时间和熔接线长度对产品尺寸参数的依赖性。氩弧焊的氮化铝粉末喷嘴也考虑了注射成型技术的实验部分。已经获得了最小注射温度变化曲线图，在该曲线图上，随着粘合剂浓度和质量粘度的变化，形成了无缺陷的喷嘴坯料。得到的计算数据决定了注塑成型工艺特征的整体复杂性，可用于生产各种形状的陶瓷制品。氩弧焊的氮化铝粉末喷嘴也考虑了注射成型技术的实验部分。已经获得了最小注射温度变化曲线图，在该曲线图上，随着粘合剂浓度和质量粘度的变化，形成了无缺陷的喷嘴坯料。得到的计算数据决定了注塑成型工艺特征的整体复杂性，可用于生产各种形状的陶瓷制品。氩弧焊的氮化铝粉末喷嘴也考虑了注射成型技术的实验部分。已经获得了最小注射温度变化曲线图，在该曲线图上，随着粘合剂浓度和质量粘度的变化，形成了无缺陷的喷嘴坯料。得到的计算数据决定了注塑成型工艺特征的整体复杂性，可用于生产各种形状的陶瓷制品。