Growing evidence places tissue-resident macrophages as essential gatekeepers of metabolic organ homeostasis, including the adipose tissue and the pancreatic islets. Therein, macrophages may adopt specific phenotypes and ensure local functions. Recent advances in single cell genomic analyses provide a comprehensive map of adipose tissue macrophage subsets and their potential roles are now better apprehended. Whether they are beneficial or detrimental, macrophages overall contribute to the proper adipose tissue expansion under steady state and during obesity. By contrast, macrophages residing inside pancreatic islets, which may exert fundamental functions to fine tune insulin secretion, have only started to attract attention and their cellular heterogeneity remains to be established. The present review will focus on the latest findings exploring the phenotype and the properties of macrophages in adipose tissue and pancreatic islets, questioning early beliefs and future perspectives in the field of immunometabolism.

越来越多的证据表明，组织驻留巨噬细胞是代谢器官稳态的重要看门人，包括脂肪组织和胰岛。其中，巨噬细胞可以采用特定的表型并确保局部功能。单细胞基因组分析的最新进展提供了脂肪组织巨噬细胞亚群的综合图谱，现在可以更好地理解它们的潜在作用。无论它们是有益的还是有害的，巨噬细胞总体上有助于在稳态和肥胖期间适当的脂肪组织扩张。相比之下，位于胰岛内的巨噬细胞可能发挥微调胰岛素分泌的基本功能，但它才刚刚开始受到关注，其细胞异质性仍有待确定。