Recently, with the deterioration of the environment, increasing companies choose horizontal cooperation to achieve the goal of reducing environmental pollution and cost in the urban distribution industry. However, companies worry that the business information is leaked in the process of horizontal cooperation. This kind of mistrust often leads to the failure of horizontal cooperation. The emergence of blockchain technology has become a great means to resolve trust problem between partners, which ensures data sharing and trust through peer-to-peer, consensus mechanism and encryption technology. In response, this study proposes architecture of blockchain-based urban distribution system for horizontal cooperation that analyzes the components and layers of the urban distribution. Meanwhile, a smart contract, the innovative applications of blockchain, is designed to match the resource of supply and demand to design the distribution routes in the urban distribution system. To achieve the above goal, an open vehicle routing model of urban distribution taking into account environmental pollution factors is developed as the mathematical logic of smart contract, which aims at the lowest total cost including fixed, fuel, penalty, carbon emission and pollutant emission costs. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm is developed to support the implementation of smart contract, and the effectiveness of the smart contract is verified through a real case. This study narrows the knowledge gap in applying blockchain technology to urban distribution, and has brought contributions to the fields of blockchain and urban distribution. Finally, the limitation and future research direction are discussed.

近来，随着环境的恶化，越来越多的企业选择横向合作，以实现城市配送行业降低环境污染和成本的目标。然而，企业担心在横向合作过程中业务信息被泄露。这种不信任往往会导致横向合作的失败。区块链技术的出现成为解决合作伙伴之间信任问题的重要手段，通过点对点、共识机制和加密技术确保数据共享和信任。作为回应，本研究提出了基于区块链的城市配送系统架构，用于横向合作，分析城市配送的组成部分和层次。同时，智能合约，区块链的创新应用，旨在匹配供需资源来设计城市配送系统中的配送路线。为实现上述目标，开发了一个考虑环境污染因素的城市分布开放车辆路径模型作为智能合约的数学逻辑，旨在包括固定成本、燃料成本、罚款成本、碳排放成本和污染物排放成本在内的总成本最低。 . 此外，还开发了遗传算法来支持智能合约的实现，并通过真实案例验证智能合约的有效性。本研究缩小了将区块链技术应用于城市配送的知识差距，为区块链和城市配送领域做出了贡献。最后，讨论了局限性和未来的研究方向。