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The Behavior of Different Varnishes Applied to Graphic Artworks: Comparison Using a Methodological Protocol
Studies in Conservation ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-20 , DOI: 10.1080/00393630.2021.1975611
Marta Durbán García 1 , Teresa Espejo Arias 1 , Ana María López Montes 1 , María del Rosario Blanc García 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the results of a series of tests – using a recently-published set of methodological guidelines referred to here as the Protocol – on varnishes traditionally used in the protection and enhancement of graphic artworks. The aim of the research was to study the characteristics of different varnishes when they are applied to a graphic artwork and to analyze their behavior when exposed to conditions that cause alterations, be these natural factors, accidental, or the result of a conservation intervention. Lastly, the study sought to determine whether each varnish was suitable for conservation purposes. Five varnishes were selected for the study: egg white, gum arabic, shellac, rosin, and dammar. Paper test samples were used to study the characteristics of the recently applied varnishes: dimensions, weight, thickness, color, brightness/gloss, pH, surface appearance, drying time, degree of absorption by the substrate, and adhesion to the substrate. The behavior of varnishes was studied via a series of tests that recreated adverse conditions (humidity, light, and temperature). These tested for resistance to ambient humidity, immersion in water, dry-heat aging, and aging in a climate test chamber. After applying the Protocol it was concluded that the varnishes most resistant to different alteration factors are gum arabic and dammar resin. By contrast, shellac and rosin are the most susceptible to alterations, which precludes their use as a conservation material. As well as indicating the varnishes that present the minimum interaction with the substrate and the greatest long-term durability, the results of this research also provide a useful guide to the behavior of these varnishes for their use in preventive conservation.



中文翻译:

应用于图形艺术品的不同清漆的行为:使用方法协议进行比较

摘要

本文介绍了一系列测试的结果——使用最近发布的一套方法指南,在此称为协议——关于传统上用于保护和增强图形艺术品的清漆。该研究的目的是研究不同清漆在应用于图形艺术品时的特性,并分析它们在暴露于导致改变的条件下时的行为,无论是这些自然因素、偶然因素还是保护干预的结果。最后,该研究试图确定每种清漆是否适合保护目的。研究选择了五种清漆:蛋清、阿拉伯树胶、虫胶、松香和达玛。纸张测试样品用于研究最近使用的清漆的特性:尺寸、重量、厚度、颜色、亮度/光泽度、pH、表面外观、干燥时间、基材的吸收程度以及对基材的附着力。通过一系列重现不利条件(湿度、光线和温度)的测试来研究清漆的行为。这些测试了对环境湿度、浸入水中、干热老化和气候测试室老化的抵抗力。应用该协议后得出的结论是,最能抵抗不同变化因素的清漆是阿拉伯树胶和达玛树脂。相比之下,虫胶和松香最容易发生变化,因此无法用作保护材料。除了指出与基材的相互作用最小且长期耐用性最高的清漆外,

更新日期:2021-09-20
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