Low density, high strength, together with good thermal insulation are desirable but hard to achieve simultaneously for lightweight cementitious composites. This work addresses the preparation of a novel lightweight cementitious composite (HP-LWCC) by employing the hot-pressing method and optimizing the insulating particles packing. The main raw materials are glass microspheres (GB), fly ash cenospheres (FAC), white Portland cement (PW), aluminum cement (AC), and silica fume (SF). Results showed that HP-LWCC specimens with density of 800–1200 kg/m³ exhibited superior mechanical properties and thermal insulation. Their flexural strength, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity achieved 7.5–10 MPa, 30–51 MPa, and 0.16–0.29 W/(mK), respectively. The microstructure results show that the packing of glass microspheres, which are tightly bridged by the hydration products, significantly refines the pore morphology, forming a denser cementitious matrix. The hot-pressing method benefits the reaction of aluminum cement and the alignment of fibers, resulting in high strength and flexural toughness. Based on the Compressible Packing Model, it is found that the optimized particles packing of HP-LWCC can decrease the porosity of specimens and improve the strength. Such HP-LWCC material provides a potentially solution in developing thermal insulated construction applications.

低密度、高强度以及良好的隔热性是理想的，但对于轻质水泥基复合材料来说很难同时实现。这项工作通过采用热压方法和优化绝缘颗粒包装来制备新型轻质水泥基复合材料 (HP-LWCC)。主要原料有玻璃微球（GB）、粉煤灰煤胞（FAC）、白硅酸盐水泥（PW）、铝水泥（AC）和硅粉（SF）。结果表明，密度为 800-1200 kg/m ^{3 的}HP-LWCC 试样具有优异的机械性能和隔热性能。它们的弯曲强度、压缩强度和热导率分别达到 7.5-10 MPa、30-51 MPa 和 0.16-0.29 W/(mK)。微观结构结果表明，被水化产物紧密桥接的玻璃微球的堆积显着细化了孔隙形态，形成了更致密的胶凝基体。热压法有利于铝水泥的反应和纤维的排列，从而产生高强度和弯曲韧性。基于可压缩填料模型，发现优化的HP-LWCC颗粒填料可以降低试件的孔隙率，提高强度。这种 HP-LWCC 材料为开发隔热建筑应用提供了潜在的解决方案。