Frequent occurrences of accidental oil spills, chemical leakages and oily water discharge make the development of effective and efficient methods for spilled oil and organic pollutants clean-ups extremely critical and urgent. Here, a novel superhydrophobic octadecanethiol-TiO₂ nanowires-polydopamine nanocomposites-modified polyurethane sponge was fabricated by a facile and cost-effective synthesis process, wherein, self-polymerization of dopamine was coated on the polyurethane skeleton structure, followed by direct incorporation of TiO₂ nanowires to enhance surface roughness and lastly, surface coating with the low surface energy octadecanethiol molecules. The resultant PU-PDA-TiO₂-ODT sponge showed superhydrophobic and superoleophilic with the water contact angle (WCA) of 154.0 ± 2° and the oil contact angle of 0°, as well as self-cleaning and anti-fouling capabilities. The as-fabricated sponge demonstrated high oil adsorption capacity for a broad variety of oils and organic solvents, also exhibiting good reusability of more than 30 cycles without diminishing adsorption performance. The potential for practical applications was demonstrated through gravity-driven and vacuum assisted continuous separations, yielding more than 99.9% oil purity. Moreover, the as-prepared sponge exhibited superior mechanical strength through exceptional performance in compression, ultrasonication and frictions tests, and consistent superhydrophobicity in harsh environments including exposure to pH, temperature and NaCl concentration variations. Thus, the novel superhydrophobic and superoleophilic sponge has great potential for practical application in oil-water separations.

意外溢油、化学品泄漏和含油水排放的频繁发生，使得开发有效和高效的溢油和有机污染物清理方法变得极为关键和紧迫。在这里，一种新型的超疏水十八烷硫醇-TiO ₂纳米线-聚多巴胺纳米复合材料改性的聚氨酯海绵是通过一种简便且具有成本效益的合成工艺制备的，其中多巴胺的自聚合涂覆在聚氨酯骨架结构上，然后直接掺入TiO ₂纳米线以提高表面粗糙度，最后用低表面能十八烷硫醇分子进行表面涂层。所得PU-PDA-TiO ₂-ODT 海绵表现出超疏水和超亲油性，水接触角 (WCA) 为 154.0 ± 2°，油接触角为 0°，并具有自清洁和防污能力。制成的海绵对多种油类和有机溶剂表现出很高的吸油能力，还表现出良好的可重复使用性，可循环使用 30 多次而不会降低吸附性能。通过重力驱动和真空辅助连续分离证明了实际应用的潜力，产生了超过 99.9% 的油纯度。此外，所制备的海绵在压缩、超声和摩擦测试中表现出优异的性能，并在包括暴露于 pH 值、温度和 NaCl 浓度变化的恶劣环境中保持一致的超疏水性，从而表现出优异的机械强度。