Amusia also known as tone deafness affects roughly 1.5% population. Congenital amusia appears from birth and lasts over life span. Usually, it is not associated with other diseases. Its link to hearing impairment has been definitively excluded. Neurobiological studies point to asymmetrical processing of musical signals in auditory cortex of left and right brain hemispheres. The finding was supported by discovering microlesions in the right-side gray matter. Because of its connection with asymmetry, amusia has been classified to disconnection syndromes. Alternatively to the neurobiological explanation of amusia background, an attention was turned to the significance of genetic factors. The studies done on relatives and twins indicated familial aggregation of amusia. Molecular genetic investigations linked amusia with deletion of 22q11.2 chromosome region. Until now no specific genes responsible for development of amusia were found.

Amusia 也称为音聋，影响大约 1.5% 的人口。先天性失语症从出生就出现并持续一生。通常，它与其他疾病无关。它与听力障碍的联系已被明确排除。神经生物学研究指出左右脑半球听觉皮层中音乐信号的不对称处理。发现右侧灰质中的微病变支持了这一发现。由于与不对称有关，失乐症已被归类为断开综合征。除了对失智症背景的神经生物学解释之外，人们将注意力转向遗传因素的重要性。对亲属和双胞胎进行的研究表明，amusia 的家族聚集性。分子遗传学研究将 amusia 与 22q11 的缺失联系起来。2 染色体区域。直到现在，还没有发现负责 amusia 发育的特定基因。