Abstract: With an advance in therapy, there are increasing emerging and re-emerging opportunistic infections among patients with hematologic conditions and malignancy. Herein, we present a 56-year-old woman with primary myelofibrosis who developed combined tuberculosis (TB) and cryptococcosis with extensive pulmonary, pleural, and nodal involvement during ruxolitinib therapy. Marked clinical and radiologic improvements were undoubtedly evident after receiving anti-TB and antifungal therapies and pleural drainage. Hence, the presence of atypical clinical and radiologic manifestations and incomplete responses, despite receiving adequate antimicrobial treatment, should raise concerns regarding the combined emerging and re-emerging opportunistic infections and the possibility of unusual radiologic manifestations of cryptococcosis in a ruxolitinib-treated patient.

Keywords: ruxolitinib, Janus kinase inhibitor, cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, pleural effusion, treatment, primary myelofibrosis


中文翻译：

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接受鲁索替尼治疗的患者合并肺结核合并肺和胸膜隐球菌病

摘要：随着治疗的进步，血液病和恶性肿瘤患者中出现和重新出现的机会性感染越来越多。在此，我们介绍了一名患有原发性骨髓纤维化的 56 岁女性，她在鲁索替尼治疗期间发展为肺结核 (TB) 和隐球菌病，并伴有广泛的肺、胸膜和淋巴结受累。在接受抗结核和抗真菌治疗以及胸腔引流后，临床和放射学的显着改善无疑是明显的。因此，尽管接受了足够的抗菌治疗，但仍存在不典型的临床和放射学表现和不完全反应，

关键词：鲁索替尼，Janus激酶抑制剂，隐球菌病，肺结核，胸腔积液，治疗，原发性骨髓纤维化