Relying on the power flexibility of distributed energy resources (DERs) located in an active distribution network (ADN), this ADN will be able to provide power flexibility to the upper-layer grid at their point of common coupling (PCC). The power flexibility is defined as additional bi-directional active/reactive powers a resource can provide to the grid by adjusting its operating point. In this context, this paper presents a two-stage ADN management method to deliver, at the PCC, the power flexibility that the upper-layer grid operator would request minutes-ahead real-time operation. The first stage updates the power set-points of DERs considering their offer curves as well as the uncertainties stem from the short-term forecast errors of demand and renewable generation profiles. The inter-temporal constraints and losses of the grid are accounted for by exploiting a linearized dynamic optimal power flow model, whereby the first stage is implemented as a linear scenario-based optimization problem. Then, in real-time operation, relying on a linear optimization problem, the second stage adjusts the power flexibility injection of a utility-scale battery energy storage system (ESS) to mitigate the imbalance at the PCC inherent in the above-mentioned uncertainties. The performance of the proposed method is tested in the case of a real ADN located in the city of Aigle in southwest of Switzerland.

中文翻译：

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协调分布式能源资源和公用事业规模电池储能系统，以在不确定性下提供电力灵活性

依靠位于有源配电网络 (ADN) 中的分布式能源 (DER) 的电力灵活性，该 ADN 将能够在公共耦合点 (PCC) 上为上层电网提供电力灵活性。功率灵活性被定义为资源可以通过调整其工作点向电网提供的额外双向有功/无功功率。在此背景下，本文提出了一种两阶段 ADN 管理方法，以在 PCC 提供上层电网运营商要求的提前几分钟实时运行的电力灵活性。第一阶段更新 DER 的功率设定点，考虑到它们的报价曲线以及来自需求和可再生能源发电概况的短期预测误差的不确定性。通过利用线性化动态最优潮流模型来解决电网的跨时约束和损失，其中第一阶段作为基于线性场景的优化问题来实现。然后，在实时操作中，依靠线性优化问题，第二阶段调整公用事业规模电池储能系统 (ESS) 的功率灵活性注入，以减轻上述不确定性固有的 PCC 不平衡。在位于瑞士西南部艾格勒市的真实 ADN 的情况下测试了所提出方法的性能。第二阶段调整公用事业规模电池储能系统 (ESS) 的功率灵活性注入，以减轻上述不确定性固有的 PCC 不平衡。在位于瑞士西南部艾格勒市的真实 ADN 的情况下测试了所提出方法的性能。第二阶段调整公用事业规模电池储能系统 (ESS) 的功率灵活性注入，以减轻上述不确定性固有的 PCC 不平衡。在位于瑞士西南部艾格勒市的真实 ADN 的情况下测试了所提出方法的性能。