This paper presents a trilevel risk-averse strategy to configure the grid-scale energy storage systems (ESS) in active distribution network. Unlike the traditional planning framework, which presumes that ESS and renewable energy sources (RES) are cooperatively planned, we consider a practical situation that the siting choice of individual RES owners could be conflict with systems operation target of hosting capacity improvement. To address this challenge, a trilevel ESS planning formulation with “min-max” risk constraint is developed. Also, a scenario-based stochastic program model is incorporated in the lower level problem to handle the random fluctuation of RES outputs. As the resulting risk-constrained trilevel formulation is computationally difficult, we develop a customized column-and-constraint generation algorithm with finite convergence. Numerical studies on 33-bus test system and a real-world 56-bus distribution network indicate that the proposed methodology can effectively enhance the robustness of look-ahead ESS configuration against those non-cooperative and uncertain integration choices for renewable energy construction. Moreover, our customized algorithm demonstrates a superior solution capacity and scalability to support the efficient decisions for risk-averse storage planning.

中文翻译：

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在不确定的选址选择下提高可再生能源托管容量的风险规避存储规划

本文提出了在主动配电网络中配置电网规模储能系统 (ESS) 的三级风险规避策略。与假设 ESS 和可再生能源 (RES) 合作规划的传统规划框架不同，我们考虑了一个实际情况，即单个 RES 所有者的选址可能与提高托管容量的系统运营目标发生冲突。为了应对这一挑战，开发了具有“最小-最大”风险约束的三级 ESS 规划公式。此外，基于场景的随机程序模型被纳入低级问题，以处理 RES 输出的随机波动。由于由此产生的风险约束三级公式在计算上很困难，我们开发了一种具有有限收敛性的定制列和约束生成算法。对 33 总线测试系统和真实世界 56 总线配电网络的数值研究表明，所提出的方法可以有效地增强前瞻 ESS 配置针对可再生能源建设的非合作和不确定集成选择的鲁棒性。此外，我们的定制算法展示了卓越的解决方案容量和可扩展性，以支持风险规避存储规划的有效决策。