This article proposes a coordinated operation strategy for a virtual power plant (VPP) with multiple DER aggregators under the wholesale energy and regulation service market. Considering the market clearing process, VPP operation profit, and DER aggregators’ interests, a tri-layer hierarchical framework for VPP is developed to formulate the bidding plans to the superordinate market operator and the dynamic price incentive curves for the subordinate DER owners cooperatively. By using the discrete price quota curves, big-M method, KKT optimal conditions, and strong duality theorem, the tri-layer problem is transformed into an equivalent and tractable mixed integer linear programming problem. Case study with the 141-bus system is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The advantages of lower cost with operation security guarantee and higher flexibility are demonstrated by comparing with other models.

中文翻译：

---

具有多个分布式能源聚合器的虚拟电厂的协调运行策略

本文提出了在批发能源和监管服务市场下具有多个 DER 聚合器的虚拟发电厂 (VPP) 的协调运行策略。综合考虑市场出清过程、VPP运营利润和DER聚合者利益，构建了VPP的三层层次框架，共同制定对上级市场运营商的竞价方案和对下级DER所有者的动态价格激励曲线。利用离散价格定额曲线、大M法、KKT最优条件和强对偶定理，将三层问题转化为等价易处理的混合整数线性规划问题。对 141 总线系统进行案例研究以验证所提出方法的有效性。