Introduction

Adolescents with moderate-to-severe levels of trait rumination are at heightened risk for psychopathology and may be particularly vulnerable to disruptions caused by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. As most past research documenting the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent well-being has been cross-sectional, it is unclear exactly how ruminative adolescents responded to the onset of the pandemic as it unfolded.

Methods

We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to explore changes in rumination among adolescents during the initial transition to distance learning in the United States. A subsample of 22 ruminative youth (Mage = 13.58; SD = 0.96; 54.5% male; 86.4% White) from a larger study provided EMA data throughout January–April 2020 (M responses per participant = 105.09, SD = 65.59). Following school closures, we hypothesized that adolescents would report greater rumination (i.e., focusing on emotions and problems) and depressive symptom level would moderate this effect.

Results

Surprisingly, rumination decreased, and this effect was moderated by depressive symptom level for emotion-focused rumination, i.e., those with average and below-average depressive symptoms experienced decreases in rumination.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the first wave of stay-at-home orders and the transition to distance learning were not immediately distressing to vulnerable adolescents. However, more research is needed to determine whether the results from recent research are generalizable to other adolescents and to examine the long-term impact of the pandemic on adolescent well-being.

中文翻译：

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向 COVID-19 学校停课过渡期间沉思青少年的心理健康：一项 EMA 研究

介绍

具有中度至重度特质沉思水平的青少年患精神病的风险更高，并且可能特别容易受到 COVID-19 大流行爆发造成的干扰。由于过去大多数记录 COVID-19 对青少年福祉影响的研究都是横断面的，因此尚不清楚沉思的青少年在大流行爆发时究竟是如何应对的。

方法

我们使用生态瞬时评估 (EMA) 来探索在美国向远程学习的初始过渡期间青少年反刍的变化。 来自一项更大研究的 22 名反刍青年（M年龄 = 13.58；SD = 0.96；54.5% 男性；86.4% 白人）的子样本提供了整个 2020 年 1 月至 4 月的 EMA 数据（每个参与者的M响应 = 105.09，SD  = 65.59）。学校停课后，我们假设青少年会报告更多的沉思（即专注于情绪和问题），而抑郁症状水平会缓和这种影响。

结果

令人惊讶的是，反刍减少了，这种影响被情绪集中反刍的抑郁症状水平所缓和，即那些具有平均和低于平均水平的抑郁症状的人经历了反刍减少。

结论

这些结果表明，第一波居家令和向远程学习的过渡并未立即让弱势青少年感到痛苦。然而，需要更多的研究来确定最近的研究结果是否可以推广到其他青少年，并检查大流行对青少年福祉的长期影响。