Experimental equipment that can provide suitable acceleration peaks (APs) and acceleration pulse widths (AWs) is required for impact studies. It is necessary to design suitable structures and select appropriate materials of the impact pair for experimental equipment. To propose the control strategies of the AP and AW, the effects of the material properties and geometric parameters of the impact pair on the contact acceleration during low-velocity impacts were investigated. The density ρ₁ and velocity v of the projectile, and the elastic modulus E₂ and yield strength A₂ of the target were the dominant factors affecting the AP. The ρ₁, A₂, and E₂ were the primary factors influencing the AW. The AP increased with a decrease in the ρ₁ and increases in the v and elastic modulus E₁ of the projectile and the thickness H, E₂, A₂, strain-hardening constant B₂, and strain-hardening index n₂ of the target. The AW increased with the ρ₁ and decreased with the H, E₂, and A₂. Based on the elastic stress wave and contact mechanics, the influences of the primary factors on the AP and AW were explained. The strategies proposed in this work agreed with the simulation results and the literature.

冲击研究需要能够提供合适的加速度峰值 (AP) 和加速度脉冲宽度 (AW) 的实验设备。有必要为实验设备设计合适的结构并选择合适的冲击副材料。为了提出AP和AW的控制策略，研究了冲击副的材料特性和几何参数对低速冲击过程中接触加速度的影响。弹丸的密度ρ ₁和速度v，以及目标的弹性模量E ₂和屈服强度A ₂是影响AP的主要因素。的ρ ₁，甲₂和E ₂是影响AW的主要因素。在AP与在降低而增加ρ ₁和增加在v和弹性模量Ë ₁弹丸和厚度ħ，ê ₂，阿₂，应变硬化恒定乙₂，和应变硬化指数Ñ ₂的目标。AW 随ρ ₁增大而随H、E ₂和A ₂减小. 基于弹性应力波和接触力学，解释了主要因素对AP和AW的影响。在这项工作中提出的策略与模拟结果和文献一致。