Graphene oxide (GO), as a promising synergistic agent of pesticides against pests, exhibits broad application prospects in the agricultural field. However, the synergistic mode of GO on acaricides remains unclear. Herein, an acaricide delivery nanosystem using GO nanosheets as nanocarriers, for the first time, was constructed and characterized to deliver four global top-selling acaricides (avermectin, bifenazate, etoxazole and spirodiclofen) to control Tetranychus cinnabarinus (a crop-threatening spider mite pest). The results showed that GO adsorbed on and impaired the cuticle of mites by binding to a cuticle protein (CPR) and inhibiting the expression of the CPR gene, thereby increasing the cuticle permeability of mites, which significantly enhanced the efficiency of acaricides. Additionally, silencing the CPR gene by RNAi resulted in dehydration, disturbed the construction of the cuticle layer, and increased the cuticle permeability and sensitivity of mites to GO–acaricides, which was consistent with the synergistic phenotype of GO on acaricides, demonstrating that the molecular mechanism of synergistic effects of GO on acaricides against T. cinnabarinus was mediated by the low-expressed CPR gene. The use of GO–acaricides in agriculture will reduce the application of chemical acaricides and their adverse impacts on public health and the environment.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯-杀螨剂纳米复合材料通过直接抑制角质层蛋白基因的转录来提高杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨的杀螨活性

氧化石墨烯（GO）作为一种很有前景的农药杀虫增效剂，在农业领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，GO对杀螨剂的协同作用尚不清楚。在此，首次构建并表征了使用 GO 纳米片作为纳米载体的杀螨剂递送纳米系统，以递送四种全球最畅销的杀螨剂（阿维菌素、联苯那酯、依托恶唑和螺螨酯）来控制朱砂叶螨（一种威胁作物的红蜘蛛害虫）。结果表明，GO通过与角质层蛋白（CPR）结合并抑制CPR基因的表达，吸附并破坏螨的角质层，从而增加螨的角质层渗透性，从而显着提高杀螨剂的效率。此外，通过 RNAi 沉默 CPR 基因会导致脱水，扰乱角质层的构建，并增加螨对 GO 杀螨剂的角质层渗透性和敏感性，这与 GO 对杀螨剂的协同表型一致，表明分子GO对朱砂杀螨剂的协同作用机制由低表达的 CPR 基因介导。在农业中使用 GO 杀螨剂将减少化学杀螨剂的使用及其对公众健康和环境的不利影响。