The nuclear envelope (NE) is a protective barrier to the genome, yet its membranes undergo highly dynamic remodeling processes that are necessary for cell growth and maintenance. While mechanisms by which proteins promote NE remodeling are emerging, the types of bilayer lipids and the lipid‐protein interactions that define and sculpt nuclear membranes remain elusive. The NE is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and recent evidence suggests that lipids produced in the ER are harnessed to remodel nuclear membranes. In this review, we examine new roles for lipid species made proximally within the ER and locally at the NE to control NE dynamics. We further explore how the biosynthesis of lipids coordinates NE remodeling to ensure genome protection.

核膜 (NE) 是基因组的保护屏障，但其膜经历了细胞生长和维持所必需的高度动态重塑过程。虽然蛋白质促进 NE 重塑的机制正在出现，但双层脂质的类型以及定义和塑造核膜的脂质 - 蛋白质相互作用仍然难以捉摸。NE 与内质网 (ER) 连续，最近的证据表明，ER 中产生的脂质可用于重塑核膜。在这篇综述中，我们研究了在 ER 内和 NE 局部产生的脂质种类的新作用，以控制 NE 动力学。我们进一步探索脂质的生物合成如何协调 NE 重塑以确保基因组保护。