Captivated by their strong ion-storage capacities, vanadium (V)-based cathode materials have triggered plenty of active research. However, these materials still suffer from unstable lattice structures, always accompanied by inferior rate capabilities. Herein, with the introduction of bromine ions, the oriented growth was tailored to form smaller rod-like particles, while the resultant charge unbalance brought about the creation of oxygen defects, boosting the broadening of energy distribution with fast redox reactions. The as-targeted sample displayed a lithium ion storage capacity of 280 mA h g^–1, which was still maintained at about 252 mA h g^–1 after several cycles. As zinc-ion battery cathodes, a capacity of 247 mA h g^–1 could be retained at 0.5 A g^–1 after 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 3.0 A g^–1, the capacity was retained at about 207 mA h g^–1 after 500 cycles. Supported by a series of advanced technologies, the enhanced redox activity of V ions was detected owing to the unbalance of charge from bromine doping. Moreover, a detailed kinetic analysis and in situ resistance measurements further demonstrated the enhancement of surface-controlling contributions and in-depth redox reactions. Given that, this work was anticipated to offer a significant perspective about rational surface-/interface-enhanced properties of advanced energy-storage materials.

中文翻译：

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通过溴阴离子掺杂调整钒基材料的氧位缺陷以实现高级储能

钒（V）基正极材料因其强大的离子存储能力而着迷，引发了大量积极的研究。然而，这些材料仍然存在不稳定的晶格结构，总是伴随着较差的倍率能力。在此，随着溴离子的引入，定向生长被调整为形成更小的棒状颗粒，而由此产生的电荷不平衡带来了氧缺陷的产生，通过快速氧化还原反应促进了能量分布的扩大。作为目标的样品显示出 280 mA hg ^–1的锂离子存储容量，在几次循环后仍保持在 252 mA hg ^–1左右。作为锌离子电池正极，在 0.5 A g ^{-1 时}可保持247 mA hg ^–1的容量^–1 100 次循环后。即使在 3.0 A g ^–1的高电流密度下，500 次循环后容量仍保持在 207 mA hg ^–1左右。在一系列先进技术的支持下，由于溴掺杂引起的电荷不平衡，检测到V离子的氧化还原活性增强。此外，详细的动力学分析和原位电阻测量进一步证明了表面控制贡献和深入氧化还原反应的增强。鉴于此，预计这项工作将为先进储能材料的合理表面/界面增强特性提供重要的视角。