Myocardial infarction (MI), triggered by blockage of a coronary artery, remains the most common cause of death worldwide. After MI, the capability of providing sufficient blood and oxygen significantly decreases in the heart. This event leads to depletion of oxygen from cardiac tissue and consequently leads to massive cardiac cell death due to hypoxemia. Over the past few decades, many studies have been carried out to discover acceptable approaches to treat MI. However, very few have addressed the crucial role of efficient oxygen delivery to the injured heart. Thus, various strategies were developed to increase the delivery of oxygen to cardiac tissue and improve its function. Here, we have given an overall discussion of the oxygen delivery mechanisms and how the current technologies are employed to treat patients suffering from MI, including a comprehensive view on three major technical approaches such as oxygen therapy, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), and oxygen-releasing biomaterials (ORBs). Although oxygen therapy and HBOCs have shown promising results in several animal and clinical studies, they still have a few drawbacks which limit their effectiveness. More recent studies have investigated the efficacy of ORBs which may play a key role in the future of oxygenation of cardiac tissue. In addition, a summary of conducted studies under each approach and the remaining challenges of these methods are discussed.

由冠状动脉阻塞引发的心肌梗塞 (MI) 仍然是全世界最常见的死亡原因。心肌梗死后，心脏提供足够血液和氧气的能力显着降低。该事件导致心脏组织中的氧气消耗，并因此导致由于低氧血症导致大量心脏细胞死亡。在过去的几十年中，已经进行了许多研究以发现治疗 MI 的可接受方法。然而，很少有人提到有效向受伤心脏输送氧气的关键作用。因此，开发了各种策略来增加向心脏组织输送氧气并改善其功能。在这里，我们对氧气输送机制以及当前技术如何用于治疗心梗患者进行了全面讨论，包括氧疗、基于血红蛋白的氧载体（HBOCs）和释氧生物材料（ORBs）三种主要技术方法的综合观点。尽管氧疗和 HBOC 在几项动物和临床研究中显示出有希望的结果，但它们仍然存在一些限制其有效性的缺点。最近的研究调查了 ORB 的功效，这可能在未来的心脏组织氧合中起关键作用。此外，还讨论了每种方法下进行的研究的摘要以及这些方法的剩余挑战。尽管氧疗和 HBOC 在几项动物和临床研究中显示出有希望的结果，但它们仍然存在一些限制其有效性的缺点。最近的研究调查了 ORB 的功效，这可能在未来的心脏组织氧合中起关键作用。此外，还讨论了每种方法下进行的研究的摘要以及这些方法的剩余挑战。尽管氧疗和 HBOC 在几项动物和临床研究中显示出有希望的结果，但它们仍然存在一些限制其有效性的缺点。最近的研究调查了 ORB 的功效，这可能在未来的心脏组织氧合中起关键作用。此外，还讨论了每种方法下进行的研究的摘要以及这些方法的剩余挑战。