With the advantage of high energy density, lithium batteries are widely used in industrial and military applications. However, under the complex conditions of vehicle collision and high-speed flight ammunition, lithium-ion batteries have functional failure, which seriously affects the safety and stability of systems using batteries. In this paper, research on the electric parameter drift of lithium-ion batteries under high impact is carried out through a machete test system, and the experimental phenomena are analyzed theoretically. Based on this, an equivalent circuit model is established to analyze the failure phenomenon and mechanism of lithium-ion batteries under more extreme impact scenarios, which are difficult to test in the laboratory. Finally, the mechanical impact dynamic (MID) model of lithium-ion batteries at the moment of high impact is established, and the influence of separator thickness, elastic modulus and other parameters on the impact resistance of lithium-ion batteries is revealed, which provides a reference for the optimization design of lithium-ion batteries under a high-impact environment.

锂电池凭借高能量密度的优势，被广泛应用于工业和军事领域。然而，在车辆碰撞和高速飞行弹药等复杂条件下，锂离子电池会出现功能故障，严重影响使用电池系统的安全性和稳定性。本文通过弯刀测试系统对锂离子电池在高冲击下的电参数漂移进行研究，并对实验现象进行理论分析。基于此，建立等效电路模型，分析锂离子电池在实验室难以测试的更极端冲击场景下的失效现象和机理。最后，