Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a vaginal infectious condition, characterized by a high inflammatory response and/or signs of epithelial atrophy, a decrease in the amount of Lactobacillus spp. and an increase in enteric origin bacteria. AV, often misdiagnosed, is difficult to treat due to the emerging spread of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains. The present study aimed to define the prevalence of AV, to detect causative bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Women 10–95 years old, admitted to San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona Hospital, Salerno, Italy (in the years 2015–2019) are included in the study. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by VITEK^® 2. Among 2069 patients, 1176 tested positive for microbial growth. A higher incidence of infection was found in the 55–64 age group. Among the pathogenic strains, 50.4% were Gram-negative, and 49.6% were Gram-positive. Escherichia coli (E. coli) (32.5%) was the most representative strain, followed by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (29.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (7.8%) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) (7.7%). E. coli showed high sensitivity to carbapenems and amikacin. K. pneumoniae carbapenems resistance was fluctuating over time. Alarming resistance to vancomycin was not recorded for Enterococci. Both strains were sensitive to teicoplanin, linezolid and tigecycline. Proper diagnosis and an effective therapeutic approach are needed to improve AV management.

中文翻译：

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需氧性阴道炎中细菌病原体的患病率和抗生素耐药性：一项在意大利的回顾性研究

需氧性阴道炎 (AV) 是一种阴道感染性疾病，其特征是高炎症反应和/或上皮萎缩迹象，乳酸杆菌数量减少 。以及肠道来源细菌的增加。由于多重耐药菌株的新传播，经常被误诊的 AV 难以治疗。本研究旨在确定 AV 的流行，检测致病细菌及其抗菌素耐药性模式。该研究包括入住意大利萨勒诺的 San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona 医院（2015-2019 年）的 10-95 岁女性。细菌鉴定和抗生素药敏试验由 VITEK ^{® 进行}2. 在 2069 名患者中，1176 名检测出微生物生长呈阳性。55-64 岁年龄组的感染发生率较高。在致病菌株中，50.4%为革兰氏阴性，49.6%为革兰氏阳性。大肠杆菌（E.coli）（32.5%）是最具代表性的菌株，其次是粪肠球菌（E.faecalis）（29.4%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（K.pneumoniae）（7.8%）和屎肠球菌（E.faecium） (7.7%)。大肠杆菌对碳青霉烯类和阿米卡星表现出高度敏感性。肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯类耐药性随时间波动。肠球菌未记录到对万古霉素的惊人耐药性。两种菌株均对替考拉宁、利奈唑胺和替加环素敏感。需要正确的诊断和有效的治疗方法来改善 AV 管理。