2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) is considered one of the most promising liquid transport fuels due to its high energy density, high boiling point, high octane number, and immiscibility with water. It can be obtained mainly by hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) over metal catalysts. This review describes the latest research progress of developing various non-noble metal catalytic materials for hydrogenolysis of HMF to produce DMF. The effects of different carriers (e.g., carbon materials, nitrogen-doped carbon materials, and metal oxides), the bimetallic synergistic effect, and catalyst type on the catalyst activity are systematically introduced. The reaction paths of producing DMF from HMF affected by reaction parameters such as non-noble metals, hydrogen donors, and temperature are discussed. In addition, potential directions for the large-scale industrial production and application of DMF are proposed.

中文翻译：

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非贵金属催化生物基 5-羟甲基糠醛升级为 2,5-二甲基呋喃

2,5-二甲基呋喃（DMF）由于其能量密度高、沸点高、辛烷值高和与水不混溶而被认为是最有前途的液体运输燃料之一。它可以主要通过生物质衍生的 5-羟甲基糠醛 (HMF) 在金属催化剂上氢解获得。本文综述了开发各种非贵金属催化材料用于HMF氢解制备DMF的最新研究进展。系统地介绍了不同载体（如碳材料、氮掺杂碳材料和金属氧化物）、双金属协同效应和催化剂类型对催化剂活性的影响。讨论了受非贵金属、氢供体和温度等反应参数影响的HMF生产DMF的反应路径。此外，