A low-cost, portable bioluminescence detector based on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) was developed for on-site colony detection, the main components of which are a low-noise photoelectric signal detection and processing circuit, power management module, and high-performance embedded microcontroller subsystem with peripheral circuits. Balanced chopper modulation and lock-in amplification techniques were adopted to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and a zero-adjustment technique was used to eliminate the dark current of the SiPM to expand the dynamic range. Using this bioluminescence detector, adenosine triphosphate could be determined in the range of 3.6 × 10⁻⁶ to 3.6 × 10⁻¹¹ mol/L, and bacterial colonies could be determined in the range of 1.0 × 10³ to 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU/mL, with a limit of quantitation of 1.0 × 10³ CFU/mL. Satisfactory recoveries and precision were obtained. Actual samples were accurately tested and the data were verified by comparison with those from the national standard method. The manufacturing cost of the bioluminescence detector was only $30, which is only approximately 1% of the price of current commercial instruments. This study provides a tool for rapid on-site detection of bacterial colonies, as well as a new concept for the development of low-cost portable detection equipment.

研制了一种基于硅光电倍增管（SiPM）的低成本、便携式生物发光检测器，用于现场菌落检测，其主要组成部分是低噪声光电信号检测和处理电路、电源管理模块和高性能带有外围电路的嵌入式微控制器子系统。采用平衡斩波调制和锁相放大技术提高信噪比，并采用调零技术消除SiPM的暗电流，扩大动态范围。使用该生物发光检测器，可以在3.6 × 10 ^-6至3.6 × 10 ^-11  mol/L范围内测定三磷酸腺苷，在1.0 × 10 ³范围内可以测定细菌菌落至 1.0 × 10 ⁹  CFU/mL，定量限为 1.0 × 10 ³  CFU/mL。获得了令人满意的回收率和精密度。对实际样品进行了准确检测，并通过与国标方法的数据对比验证了数据。生物发光检测器的制造成本仅为 30 美元，仅为当前商业仪器价格的 1% 左右。本研究为细菌菌落的现场快速检测提供了一种工具，也为开发低成本的便携式检测设备提供了新的思路。