Many toxicological studies revealed the deleterious effects on human health induced by trace metals in ambient particulate matter (PM). This study reports the season-dependent water-soluble and total metal mass in PM₁₀ collected simultaneously over five microenvironments in a semi-arid urban region, Ahmedabad, located in western India. The mineral dust fraction in PM₁₀ over Bapunagar, Narol, Paldi, Income Tax, and Science City was estimated to be around 39, 45, 47, 44, and 31% during summer (May–June 2017) and 24, 55, 28, 27, and 28% during winter (December 2017–January 2018), respectively, corroborating mineral dust is perennial in the air over Ahmedabad. The PM_2.5/PM₁₀ mass ratios over all the sites were higher during winter (40–60%) as compared to those during summer (30–40%), indicating the contribution from the anthropogenic sources to PM mass. Among the metals monitored, the estimated considerable amount of high masses of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Sb during winter can be ascribed to the anthropogenic inputs based on the estimated enrichment factors (EF). In contrast to the crustal source, these metals might have been possibly emitted from several other man-made sources, which were found to be more water-soluble during both seasons. As per the standards of incremental excess lifetime cancer risk (IELCR), it is estimated that the atmospheric mass concentration of carcinogenic metals such as Cr, Co, and As was higher in all these sites, whereas the metals such as Pb, Ni, and Cd are also found over the industrial site (Narol) in addition to the above-said metals. Notably, people are highly susceptible to these metals, leading to the potential risk of cancer during both seasons.

许多毒理学研究揭示了环境颗粒物 (PM) 中的微量金属对人类健康造成的有害影响。这项研究报告了在位于印度西部艾哈迈达巴德半干旱城市地区的五个微环境中同时收集的PM _{10 中}与季节有关的水溶性和总金属质量。在夏季（2017 年 5 月至 6 月）和 24、55、28 期间，Bapunagar、Narol、Paldi、Income Tax 和 Science City 上PM _{10 中}的矿物粉尘比例估计约为 39%、45%、47%、44% 和 31%冬季（2017 年 12 月至 2018 年 1 月）分别为 27% 和 28%，证实了艾哈迈达巴德空气中常年存在的矿物粉尘。PM _2.5 /PM ₁₀与夏季（30-40％）相比，所有站点的质量比在冬季（40-60％）更高，表明人为来源对 PM 质量的贡献。在监测的金属中，估计大量的 Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd 和 Sb 在冬季可归因于基于估计的富集因子 ( EF )的人为输入。与地壳来源相反，这些金属可能是从其他几个人造来源排放的，在两个季节中都发现它们更易溶于水。根据递增的终生癌症风险增加标准（IELCR)，据估计，在所有这些地点，致癌金属如 Cr、Co 和 As 的大气质量浓度都较高，而在工业地点 (Narol) 上也发现了 Pb、Ni 和 Cd 等金属。除了上述金属。值得注意的是，人们对这些金属非常敏感，导致两个季节都有患癌症的潜在风险。