Culturally held beliefs about the self and its relations with others affect the way individuals view their work. In this study, we examined the associations between individualism-collectivism and the three work orientations (i.e., viewing work as a job, a career, or a calling). We also investigated whether the positive effects of a calling orientation can be generalized to a developing eastern country, Mongolia. Using a sample of 352 Mongolian workers, we found that those endorsing horizontal collectivism tended to view their work as a calling more than as a job or a career. Mongolians with a calling orientation reported having better satisfaction with job, salary, and life, more work meaningfulness, and less turnover intention than those viewing work as a job or a career. The results suggest that cultural orientations and work orientations are intertwined, and the positive roles of a calling orientation are generalizable to Mongolia.

关于自我及其与他人关系的文化信仰会影响个人对工作的看法。在这项研究中，我们研究了个人主义-集体主义与三种工作取向（即，将工作视为工作、职业或召唤）之间的关联。我们还调查了呼叫导向的积极影响是否可以推广到发展中的东部国家蒙古。通过对 352 名蒙古工人的样本，我们发现那些支持横向集体主义的人倾向于将他们的工作视为一种呼召，而不是一份工作或事业。与将工作视为工作或事业的蒙古人相比，具有呼召倾向的蒙古人对工作、薪水和生活的满意度更高，工作更有意义，离职意愿更低。