A key challenge behind the adoption of blockchain in the public sector is understanding the dynamics of blockchain governance. Based on a systematic literature review, this article analyzes different approaches to blockchain governance across disciplines and develops a comprehensive conceptual framework for the study of blockchain governance decisions in the public sector. The framework clusters nine types of governance decisions (infrastructure architecture, application architecture, interoperability, decision-making mechanism, incentive mechanism, consensus mechanism, organization of governance, accountability of governance, and control of governance) into three levels of analysis (micro, meso, and macro-levels). Drawing on public management theories and concepts, the article elucidates the implications of various governance choices in each level of governance and provides a primer for researchers and policy practitioners on the design of blockchain-based systems in the public sector.

在公共部门采用区块链背后的一个关键挑战是了解区块链治理的动态。基于系统的文献回顾，本文分析了跨学科区块链治理的不同方法，并为研究公共部门的区块链治理决策制定了一个全面的概念框架。该框架将九种治理决策（基础架构架构、应用架构、互操作性、决策机制、激励机制、共识机制、治理组织、治理责任和治理控制）分为三个层次的分析（微观、中观和宏观层面）。本文借鉴公共管理理论和概念，阐明了各个治理层次中各种治理选择的含义，并为研究人员和政策从业者提供了公共部门基于区块链系统设计的入门知识。