The storage of data in DNA typically involves encoding and synthesizing data into short oligonucleotides, followed by reading with a sequencing instrument. Major challenges include the molecular consumption of synthesized DNA, issues with basecalling errors, and limitations with scaling up read access operations for individual data elements. Addressing these challenges, we describe a DNA storage system called MDRAM (Magnetic DNA-based Random Access Memory) that enables repetitive and efficient readouts of targeted files with nanopore-based sequencing. Through conjugation of synthesized DNA to magnetic beads, we enabled repeated readouts of data while preserving the original DNA analyte and maintaining data readout quality. MDRAM also utilizes an efficient convolutional coding scheme that leverages soft information in raw nanopore sequencing signals to achieve information reading costs comparable to Illumina sequencing despite substantially higher error rates. Finally, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept DNA-based proto-filesystem that enables an exponentially-scalable data address space using only small numbers of targeting primers for assembly and readout.

中文翻译：

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具有纳米孔读数和指数缩放组合寻址的磁性 DNA 随机存取存储器

DNA 中的数据存储通常涉及将数据编码和合成为短寡核苷酸，然后用测序仪器读取。主要挑战包括合成 DNA 的分子消耗、碱基识别错误问题以及扩展单个数据元素读取访问操作的限制。应对这些挑战，我们描述了一种被称为DNA MDRAM存储系统（中号agnetic d NA-基于ř andom甲CCESS中号emory)，它可以通过基于纳米孔的测序对目标文件进行重复和高效的读取。通过将合成的 DNA 与磁珠结合，我们可以重复读取数据，同时保留原始 DNA 分析物并保持数据读取质量。MDRAM 还利用高效的卷积编码方案，利用原始纳米孔测序信号中的软信息来实现与 Illumina 测序相当的信息读取成本，尽管错误率要高得多。最后，我们展示了一个基于概念验证的基于 DNA 的原型文件系统，该系统仅使用少量靶向引物进行组装和读出即可实现指数级可扩展的数据地址空间。