To identify the impact of low-carbon policies on the location-routing problem (LRP) with cargo splitting (LRPCS), this paper first constructs the bi-level programming model of LRPCS. On this basis, the bi-level programming models of LRPCS under four low-carbon policies are constructed, respectively. The upper-level model takes the engineering construction department as the decision-maker to decide on the distribution center’s location. The lower-level model takes the logistics and distribution department as the decision-maker to make decisions on the vehicle distribution route’s scheme. Secondly, the hybrid algorithm of Ant Colony Optimization and Tabu Search (ACO-TS) is designed, and an example is introduced to verify the model’s and algorithm’s effectiveness. Finally, multiple sets of experiments are designed to explore the impact of various low-carbon policies on the decision-making of the LRPCS. The experimental results show that the influence of the carbon tax policy is the greatest, the carbon trading and carbon offset policy have a certain impact on the decision-making of the LRPCS, and the influence of the emission cap policy is the least. Based on this, we provide the relevant low-carbon policies advice and management implications.

中文翻译：

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低碳政策下货物拆分位置路由问题的双层规划方法

为了识别低碳政策对具有货物拆分（LRPCS）的位置路由问题（LRP）的影响，本文首先构建了 LRPCS 的双层规划模型。在此基础上，分别构建了四种低碳政策下LRPCS的双层规划模型。上层模型以工程建设部门为决策者，决定配送中心的选址。下层模型以物流配送部门为决策者，对车辆配送路线的方案进行决策。其次，设计了蚁群优化与禁忌搜索混合算法(ACO-TS)，并通过实例验证了模型和算法的有效性。最后，多组实验旨在探索各种低碳政策对 LRPCS 决策的影响。实验结果表明，碳税政策的影响最大，碳交易和碳抵消政策对LRPCS的决策有一定的影响，排放上限政策的影响最小。在此基础上，我们提供相关的低碳政策建议和管理启示。