One of the main decisions that a car rental company has to make regards the definition of the fleet size and mix, i.e., the capacity to meet demand. This demand is highly unpredictable and price-sensitive; thus, the definition of the prices charged influences capacity decisions. Moreover, capacity decisions are also linked to other company strategies to meet demand, such as offering upgrades or transferring empty cars between stations. Typically, these problems are tackled focusing on the maximization of profits, disregarding the environmental impacts associated with these decisions. There is a growing need for models and analytical tools that can support decisions considering the trade-off between profit and environmental impact in mobility. Therefore, this work incorporates environmental concerns into the capacity-pricing problem for car rental, proposing a bi-objective model to tackle the trade-off between profit and environmental impact. The Life Cycle Assessment method is applied not only to vehicles but also to fuel to define environmental parameters accurately. Four types of vehicles are considered: internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrids, hybrids plug-in, and electric vehicles. Solving multi-objective models is a computationally challenging problem, which requires efficient and applicable methods. These methods can support policy and business decisions in a real-world context, running different scenarios and evaluating solutions under varying conditions. Due to its efficiency in solving bi-objective models, an Epsilon-constraint method is developed and applied in diverse situations to retrieve managerial insights. The results obtained enable quantifying the feasible trade-offs, overall showing that, on average, with a decrease of 14.44% in financial results, it is possible to obtain a decrease of 63.41% in environmental impact. Additional insights are also retrieved related to the fleet, fuel, prices and demand.

汽车租赁公司必须做出的主要决定之一是关于车队规模和组合的定义，即满足需求的能力。这种需求是高度不可预测和价格敏感的；因此，收费价格的定义会影响容量决策。此外，容量决策还与其他公司满足需求的战略相关，例如提供升级或在车站之间转移空车。通常，解决这些问题的重点是利润最大化，而忽略与这些决策相关的环境影响。越来越需要模型和分析工具来支持考虑到移动性中利润和环境影响之间的权衡的决策。因此，这项工作将环境问题纳入了汽车租赁的容量定价问题，提出一个双目标模型来解决利润和环境影响之间的权衡。生命周期评估方法不仅适用于车辆，也适用于燃料，以准确定义环境参数。考虑四种类型的车辆：内燃机汽车、混合动力汽车、混合动力汽车和电动汽车。解决多目标模型是一个计算上具有挑战性的问题，需要有效且适用的方法。这些方法可以支持现实环境中的政策和业务决策，运行不同的场景并在不同的条件下评估解决方案。由于其在解决双目标模型方面的效率，Epsilon 约束方法被开发并应用于各种情况以检索管理见解。获得的结果能够量化可行的权衡，总体显示，平均而言，财务业绩下降14.44%，环境影响可能下降63.41%。还检索了与车队、燃料、价格和需求相关的其他见解。