Although functional and phylogenetic diversities are increasingly used in ecology for a variety of purposes, their relationship remains unclear, and this relationship likely differs among taxa, yet most recent studies focused on plants. We hypothesize that communities may be diverse in functional traits due to presence of: many phylogenetic lineages, trait divergence within lineages, many species and random functional variation among species, weak filtering of traits in favorable environments, or strong trait divergence in unfavorable environments. We tested these predictions for taxa showing higher (ants), or lower (spiders, ground beetles) degrees of competition and niche construction, both of which might decouple functional traits from phylogenetic position or from the environment. Studying > 11,000 individuals and 216 species from coastal heathlands, we estimated functional as minimum spanning trees using traits related to the morphology, feeding habits and dispersal, respectively. Relationships between functional and phylogenetic diversities were overall positive and strong. In ants, this relationship disappeared after accounting for taxonomic diversities and environments, whereas in beetles and spiders taxonomic diversity is related to functional diversity only via increasing phylogenetic diversity. Environmental constraints reduced functional diversity in ants, but affected functional diversity only indirectly via phylogenetic diversity (ground beetles) and taxonomic and then phylogenetic diversity (spiders and ground beetles). Results are consistent with phylogenetic conservatism in traits in spiders and ground beetles. In ants, in contrast, traits appear more phylogenetically neutral with any new species potentially representing a new trait state, tentatively suggesting that competition or niche construction might decouple phylogenetics from trait diversity.

尽管功能和系统发育多样性在生态学中越来越多地用于各种目的，但它们之间的关系仍不清楚，而且这种关系可能因分类群而异，但最近的研究主要集中在植物上。我们假设群落的功能性状可能因以下原因而存在差异：许多系统发育谱系、谱系内的性状差异、许多物种和物种之间的随机功能变异、有利环境中性状的弱过滤或不利环境中的性状强烈差异。我们测试了这些对分类群的预测，显示出更高（蚂蚁）或更低（蜘蛛、地甲虫）的竞争程度和生态位构建，这两者都可能使功能特征与系统发育位置或环境脱钩。学习 > 11, 我们对来自沿海荒地的 000 个个体和 216 个物种进行了评估，分别使用与形态、摄食习性和传播相关的特征作为最小生成树的功能。功能多样性和系统发育多样性之间的关系总体上呈正相关且很强。在蚂蚁中，这种关系在考虑了分类多样性和环境后消失了，而在甲虫和蜘蛛中，分类多样性仅通过增加系统发育多样性与功能多样性相关。环境限制降低了蚂蚁的功能多样性，但仅通过系统发育多样性（地面甲虫）和分类学多样性以及系统发育多样性（蜘蛛和地面甲虫）间接影响功能多样性。结果与蜘蛛和地面甲虫性状的系统发育保守性一致。在蚂蚁中，