Understanding behavioral characteristics and health outcomes of people with HIV (PWH) who inject drugs and PWH who use drugs, but do not inject, can help inform public health interventions and improve HIV clinical outcomes. However, recent, nationally representative estimates are lacking. We used 2015–2018 Medical Monitoring Project data to examine health outcome differences among adults with diagnosed HIV who injected drugs or who only used non-injection drugs in the past year. Data were obtained from participant interviews and medical record abstraction. We reported weighted percentages and prevalence ratios with predicted marginal means to assess differences between groups (P < 0.05). PWH who injected drugs were more likely to engage in high-risk sex; experience depression and anxiety symptoms, homelessness, and incarceration; and have lower levels of care retention, antiretroviral therapy adherence, and viral suppression. Tailored, comprehensive interventions are critical for improving outcomes among PWH who use drugs, particularly among those who inject drugs.

了解注射吸毒的 HIV 感染者 (PWH) 和吸毒但不注射的 PWH 的行为特征和健康结果，有助于为公共卫生干预提供信息并改善 HIV 临床结果。然而，缺乏最近的、具有全国代表性的估计。我们使用 2015-2018 年医疗监测项目数据来检查在过去一年中注射吸毒或仅使用非注射吸毒的诊断为 HIV 的成年人的健康结果差异。数据来自参与者访谈和医疗记录摘要。我们报告了加权百分比和患病率以及预测的边际均值以评估组间差异（P < 0.05)。注射毒品的 PWH 更有可能从事高风险性行为；经历抑郁和焦虑症状、无家可归和监禁；护理保留率、抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性和病毒抑制水平较低。量身定制的综合干预措施对于改善吸毒者尤其是注射吸毒者的结果至关重要。