The present work encompasses the production of biodiesel from an inexpensive waste, viz., used rice bran oil (URBO) through concurrent esterification and transesterification reactions employing the prepared waste duck bone (WDB)-derived natural hydroxyapatite (NAHAp) supported vanadium impregnated solid catalyst (VNAHAp). The optimal VNAHAp catalyst possessed 92.23 m2/g surface area which was much superior to 61.46 m2/g of the V-catalyst (VCHAp) prepared using commercially available hydroxyapatite (CHAp). The optimal (Box-Behnken design) concurrent trans/esterification reaction conditions for biodiesel (FAME) production from URBO and methanol were 5 wt.% catalyst concentration, 8:1 methanol/URBO mole ratio, and 35 wt% NH4VO3 loaded VNAHAp (35VNAHAp) catalyst that resulted in 99.05% FAME yield deploying a low-energy infrared radiator assisted batch reactor (LIRABR) which ensured significantly high FAME yield at milder temperature (60°C) and in shorter reaction time (30 min) compared to a conventionally heated batch reactor. The product biodiesel and its blend with commercial diesel conformed to ASTM D7467-10 specifications. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of the entire process advocated superior sustainability of the biodiesel production using 35VNAHAp catalyst in the LIRABR compared to their conventional counterparts. Valorization of two potential wastes, viz., URBO and WDB, under milder process conditions involving LIRABR and 35VNAHAp resulted in lower environmental impacts, thus rendering a sustainable biodiesel production process towards a greener earth.

中文翻译：

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使用废物衍生的羟基磷灰石负载钒催化剂从使用过的米糠油优化生物柴油生产的生命周期可持续性评估。

目前的工作包括使用制备的废鸭骨 (WDB) 衍生的天然羟基磷灰石 (NAHAp) 负载的钒浸渍固体催化剂，通过同时进行酯化和酯交换反应从廉价的废物，即用过的米糠油 (URBO) 生产生物柴油(VNAHAp)。最佳 VNAHAp 催化剂的表面积为 92.23 m2/g，远优于使用市售羟基磷灰石 (CHAp) 制备的 V-催化剂 (VCHap) 的 61.46 m2/g。由 URBO 和甲醇生产生物柴油 (FAME) 的最佳（Box-Behnken 设计）并发反式/酯化反应条件为 5 wt.% 催化剂浓度、8:1 甲醇/URBO 摩尔比和 35 wt% NH4VO3 负载 VNAHAp (35VNAHAp ) 催化剂，导致 99。05% 的 FAME 产率采用低能红外辐射辅助间歇式反应器 (LIRABR)，与传统加热的间歇式反应器相比，该反应器可确保在更温和的温度 (60°C) 和更短的反应时间 (30 分钟) 下显着提高 FAME 产率。产品生物柴油及其与商业柴油的混合物符合 ASTM D7467-10 规范。整个过程的生命周期评估 (LCA) 主张在 LIRABR 中使用 35VNAHAp 催化剂生产生物柴油的可持续性优于传统同类产品。在涉及 LIRABR 和 35VNAHAp 的较温和工艺条件下，两种潜在废物（即 URBO 和 WDB）的价值化降低了对环境的影响，从而使可持续的生物柴油生产过程朝着更环保的方向发展。