Musculoskeletal modeling is a well-established method in spine biomechanics and generally employed for investigations concerning both the healthy and the pathological spine. It commonly involves inverse kinematics and optimization of muscle activity and provides detailed insight into joint loading. The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a procedure for the automatized generation of semi-subject-specific multi-rigid body models with an articulated lumbar spine. Individualization of the models was achieved with a novel approach incorporating information from annotated EOS images. The size and alignment of bony structures, as well as specific body weight distribution along the spine segments, were accurately reproduced in the 3D models. To ensure the pipeline's robustness, models based on 145 EOS images of subjects with various weight distributions and spinopelvic parameters were generated. For validation, we performed kinematics-dependent and segment-dependent comparisons of the average joint loads obtained for our cohort with the outcome of various published in vivo and in situ studies. Overall, our results agreed well with literature data. The here described method is a promising tool for studying a variety of clinical questions, ranging from the evaluation of the effects of alignment variation on joint loading to the assessment of possible pathomechanisms involved in adjacent segment disease.

中文翻译：

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腰椎肌肉骨骼模型中特定对象的排列和质量分布。

肌肉骨骼建模是脊柱生物力学中一种行之有效的方法，通常用于有关健康和病理脊柱的研究。它通常涉及反向运动学和肌肉活动的优化，并提供对关节负荷的详细了解。本工作的目的是开发和验证一种用于自动生成具有关节式腰椎的半主题特定多刚体模型的程序。模型的个性化是通过一种结合来自注释 EOS 图像的信息的新方法实现的。在 3D 模型中准确再现了骨骼结构的大小和对齐方式，以及沿脊柱节段的特定体重分布。为确保管道的稳健性，生成了基于 145 个具有不同体重分布和脊柱骨盆参数的受试者的 EOS 图像的模型。为了验证，我们对我们的队列获得的平均关节载荷与各种已发表的体内和原位研究的结果进行了运动学相关和节段相关的比较。总体而言，我们的结果与文献数据非常吻合。这里描述的方法是研究各种临床问题的有前途的工具，从评估对齐变化对关节负荷的影响到评估相邻节段疾病涉及的可能病理机制。我们对我们队列中获得的平均关节载荷与各种已发表的体内和原位研究的结果进行了运动学相关和节段相关的比较。总体而言，我们的结果与文献数据非常吻合。这里描述的方法是研究各种临床问题的有前途的工具，从评估对齐变化对关节负荷的影响到评估相邻节段疾病涉及的可能病理机制。我们对我们队列中获得的平均关节载荷与各种已发表的体内和原位研究的结果进行了运动学相关和节段相关的比较。总体而言，我们的结果与文献数据非常吻合。这里描述的方法是研究各种临床问题的有前途的工具，从评估对齐变化对关节负荷的影响到评估相邻节段疾病涉及的可能病理机制。