Introduction COVID-19 vaccines are now being distributed to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with global urgency surrounding national vaccination plans. LMICs have significant experience implementing vaccination campaigns to respond to epidemic threats but are often hindered by chronic health system challenges. We sought to identify transferable lessons for COVID-19 vaccination from the rollout of three vaccines that targeted adult groups in Africa and South America: MenAfriVac (meningitis A); 17D (yellow fever) and rVSV-ZEBOV (Ebola virus disease). Methods We conducted a rapid literature review and 24 semi-structured interviews with technical experts who had direct implementation experience with the selected vaccines in Africa and South America. We identified barriers, enablers, and key lessons from the literature and from participants’ experiences. Interview data were analysed thematically according to seven implementation domains. Results Participants highlighted multiple components of vaccination campaigns that are instrumental for achieving high coverage. Community engagement is an essential and effective tool, requiring dedicated time, funding and workforce. Involving local health workers is a key enabler, as is collaborating with community leaders to map social groups and tailor vaccination strategies to their needs. Vaccination team recruitment and training strategies need to be enhanced to support vaccination campaigns. Although recognised as challenging, integrating vaccination campaigns with other routine health services can be highly beneficial if well planned and coordinated across health programmes and with communities. Conclusion As supplies of COVID-19 vaccines become available to LMICs, countries need to prepare to efficiently roll out the vaccine, encourage uptake among eligible groups and respond to potential community concerns. Lessons from the implementation of these three vaccines that targeted adults in LMICs can be used to inform best practice for COVID-19 and other epidemic vaccination campaigns. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplemental information.

中文翻译：

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“从教训中吸取教训，不要忘记它们”：从甲型脑膜炎、黄热病和埃博拉病毒病疫苗接种活动中确定 COVID-19 的可转移教训

简介 COVID-19 疫苗现在正在向低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC) 分发，全球紧迫性围绕着国家疫苗接种计划。中低收入国家在实施疫苗接种运动以应对流行病威胁方面拥有丰富的经验，但往往受到长期卫生系统挑战的阻碍。我们试图从针对非洲和南美洲成人群体推出的三种疫苗中找出可转移的 COVID-19 疫苗接种经验：MenAfriVac（甲型脑膜炎）；17D（黄热病）和 rVSV-ZEBOV（埃博拉病毒病）。方法 我们对在非洲和南美洲对选定疫苗有直接实施经验的技术专家进行了快速文献回顾和 24 次半结构化访谈。我们确定了障碍、促成因素、以及来自文献和参与者经验的重要教训。根据七个实施领域对访谈数据进行了专题分析。结果 参与者强调了有助于实现高覆盖率的疫苗接种运动的多个组成部分。社区参与是一种必不可少且有效的工具，需要专门的时间、资金和劳动力。让当地卫生工作者参与是一个关键的推动因素，与社区领袖合作绘制社会群体地图并根据他们的需求制定疫苗接种策略也是如此。需要加强疫苗接种团队招募和培训战略，以支持疫苗接种运动。虽然被认为具有挑战性，如果在卫生计划和社区之间进行良好的规划和协调，将疫苗接种运动与其他常规卫生服务相结合会非常有益。结论 随着中低收入国家可获得 COVID-19 疫苗供应，各国需要做好准备，以有效推广该疫苗，鼓励符合条件的群体接受并应对潜在的社区问题。实施这三种针对 LMIC 成年人的疫苗的经验教训可用于指导 COVID-19 和其他流行病疫苗接种活动的最佳实践。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。鼓励符合条件的群体接受并回应潜在的社区问题。实施这三种针对 LMIC 成年人的疫苗的经验教训可用于指导 COVID-19 和其他流行病疫苗接种活动的最佳实践。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。鼓励符合条件的群体接受并回应潜在的社区问题。实施这三种针对 LMIC 成年人的疫苗的经验教训可用于指导 COVID-19 和其他流行病疫苗接种活动的最佳实践。所有与研究相关的数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。