Understanding the comprehensive sound perceptions is a major challenge in translating the affective needs and responses of drivers and passengers into the human-centered design of seat-belt warning sound (SBWS). Due to the various sound impressions of SBWS, sound quality has multiple impacts on driving safety, pleasure, stress, and so forth. This paper aims to derive a specified psychological factor structure for the sound perceptions of SBWS and to rebuild the connections between the psychological and acoustic attributes. Kansei (emotional or affective) evaluation is employed to collect the affective responses to 20 sound stimuli from 10 experts and 134 other participants. The perceived sound quality is expressed by 11 psychological attributes: “cheerful,” “interesting,” “lovely,” “comfortable,” “nervous,” “cordial,” “advanced,” “crisp,” “nostalgic,” “aroused,” and “weak.” Russell's emotional state model is also employed to map the sounds into a Pleasure–Arousal Kansei space for further analysis. For acoustic attributes, we measure amplitude, frequency, pause ratio, repetition speed, and element number, which are easy to be tuned according to the design guidelines listed as follows: First, a decrease in sound frequency results in sleepiness perception (less perceived urgency); second, fewer element (peak) number per cycle results in displeasure perception (less satisfaction); third, lower repetition speed results in pleasure and sleepiness perceptions simultaneously. The multiple linear regression model further indicates the quantitative psychoacoustic relationships, which helps sound designers to identify the key acoustic attributes and predict the affective responses for the human-centered design of SBWS.

中文翻译：

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安全带警告声的声觉与声学的关系

理解全面的声音感知是将驾驶员和乘客的情感需求和反应转化为以人为本的安全带警告声音 (SBWS) 设计的主要挑战。由于SBWS的各种声音印象，音质对驾驶安全、愉悦、压力等有多重影响。本文旨在为SBWS的声音感知推导出特定的心理因素结构，并重建心理和声学属性之间的联系。感性（情绪或情感）评估用于收集 10 位专家和 134 位其他参与者对 20 种声音刺激的情感反应。感知的音质由11个心理属性表示：“开朗”、“有趣”、“可爱”、“舒适”、“紧张”、“亲切”、“高级”、“清脆”、”“怀旧”、“唤醒”和“虚弱”。罗素的情绪状态模型也被用来将声音映射到快乐-唤醒感性空间中以供进一步分析。对于声学属性，我们测量振幅、频率、停顿率、重复速度和元素数量，这些很容易根据以下列出的设计指南进行调整：首先，声音频率的降低导致睡意感（感知紧迫感降低） ); 第二，每个周期的元素（峰值）数量越少，导致不愉快的感觉（满意度越低）；第三，较低的重复速度会同时导致愉悦和困倦的感觉。多元线性回归模型进一步表明了定量的心理声学关系，