Three-dimensional porous carbon materials have received extensive attention as supports for shape-stabilized phase change materials (PCMs). In order to improve the loading capacity, thermal conductivity and encapsulation performance for PCMs, a three-dimensional graphitized carbon foam (GCF) was developed with gradient hierarchical porous surface. The GCF was successfully prepared by pyrolysis of nano-magnesium oxide/epoxy resin mixture followed by surface treatment through a carbon-thermal reaction of Fe₂O₃. Using the GCF prepared at 1200 °C (GCF-1200) as a support for stearic acid (SA), a novel three-dimensional network-based SA/GCF composite was achieved as shape-stabilized PCM. The results show that the GCF-1200 has a large SA loading capacity of 84.66 wt% without any liquid leakage. The prepared SA/GCF-1200 composite exhibits a good interfacial bonding between the GCF-1200 and SA without obvious phase separation in its fracture surface. The composite possesses a high compressive strength of 9.45 MPa increasing by about 3.02-fold compared with the GCF-1200, and meanwhile has a significantly improved thermal conductivity of 1.012 W/m K by 4.36 times that of pristine SA. In addition, the melting and freezing enthalpy for the composite was measured as 181.8 and 182.7 J/g, respectively, which corresponds to a thermal storage efficiency of up to 99.9%. More importantly, it presents excellent thermal reliability and chemical stability without evident changes in enthalpy after 200 thermal cycles. Therefore, the composite has a great potential for thermal energy storage applications.

三维多孔碳材料作为形状稳定相变材料（PCMs）的载体受到了广泛的关注。为了提高相变材料的负载能力、热导率和封装性能，开发了具有梯度分级多孔表面的三维石墨化碳泡沫（GCF）。通过纳米氧化镁/环氧树脂混合物的热解，然后通过Fe ₂ O ₃的碳-热反应进行表面处理，成功制备了GCF. 使用在 1200 °C 下制备的 GCF (GCF-1200) 作为硬脂酸 (SA) 的载体，实现了一种新型的基于三维网络的 SA/GCF 复合材料作为形状稳定的 PCM。结果表明，GCF-1200 具有 84.66 wt% 的大 SA 负载能力，没有任何液体泄漏。制备的 SA/GCF-1200 复合材料在 GCF-1200 和 SA 之间表现出良好的界面结合，其断裂表面没有明显的相分离。该复合材料具有 9.45 MPa 的高抗压强度，与 GCF-1200 相比提高了约 3.02 倍，同时热导率显着提高，为 1.012 W/m K，是原始 SA 的 4.36 倍。此外，复合材料的熔化焓和冷冻焓分别为 181.8 和 182.7 J/g，对应的储热效率高达 99.9%。更重要的是，它表现出优异的热可靠性和化学稳定性，在 200 次热循环后焓没有明显变化。因此，该复合材料具有巨大的热能储存应用潜力。