Peripheral and central immune cells are critical for fighting disease, but they can also play a pivotal role in the onset and/or progression of a variety of neurological conditions that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Tissue acidosis is often present in CNS pathologies such as multiple sclerosis, epileptic seizures, and depression, and local pH is also reduced during periods of ischemia following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. These pathological increases in extracellular acidity can activate a class of proton-gated channels known as acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). ASICs have been primarily studied due to their ubiquitous expression throughout the nervous system, but it is less well recognized that they are also found in various types of immune cells. In this review, we explore what is currently known about the expression of ASICs in both peripheral and CNS-resident immune cells, and how channel activation during pathological tissue acidosis may lead to altered immune cell function that in turn modulates inflammatory pathology in the CNS. We identify gaps in the literature where ASICs and immune cell function has not been characterized, such as neurotrauma. Knowledge of the contribution of ASICs to immune cell function in neuropathology will be critical for determining whether the therapeutic benefits of ASIC inhibition might be due in part to an effect on immune cells.

外周和中枢免疫细胞对于对抗疾病至关重要，但它们也可以在影响中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的各种神经系统疾病的发生和/或进展中发挥关键作用。多发性硬化症、癫痫发作和抑郁症等 CNS 病理常存在组织酸中毒，并且在中风、创伤性脑损伤和脊髓损伤后的缺血期间局部 pH 值也会降低。这些细胞外酸度的病理性增加可以激活一类称为酸敏感离子通道 (ASIC) 的质子门控通道。ASICs 的研究主要是因为它们在整个神经系统中普遍存在，但人们不太清楚它们也存在于各种类型的免疫细胞中。在这次审查中，我们探索了目前已知的 ASIC 在外周和 CNS 驻留免疫细胞中的表达，以及病理性组织酸中毒期间的通道激活如何导致免疫细胞功能改变，进而调节 CNS 中的炎症病理。我们确定了文献中未对 ASIC 和免疫细胞功能进行表征的空白，例如神经创伤。了解 ASIC 对神经病理学中免疫细胞功能的贡献对于确定 ASIC 抑制的治疗益处是否部分归因于对免疫细胞的影响至关重要。我们确定了文献中未对 ASIC 和免疫细胞功能进行表征的空白，例如神经创伤。了解 ASIC 对神经病理学中免疫细胞功能的贡献对于确定 ASIC 抑制的治疗益处是否部分归因于对免疫细胞的影响至关重要。我们确定了文献中未对 ASIC 和免疫细胞功能进行表征的空白，例如神经创伤。了解 ASIC 对神经病理学中免疫细胞功能的贡献对于确定 ASIC 抑制的治疗益处是否部分归因于对免疫细胞的影响至关重要。