The frequency of heatwave events in Europe is increasing as a result of climate change. This can have implications for the water quality and ecological functioning of aquatic systems. We deployed three spectroradiometer WISPstations at three sites in Europe (Italy, Estonia, and Lithuania/Russia) to measure chlorophyll-a at high frequency. A heatwave in July 2019 occurred with record daily maximum temperatures over 40 °C in parts of Europe. The effects of the resulting storm that ended the heatwave were more discernable than the heatwave itself. Following the storm, chlorophyll-a concentrations increased markedly in two of the lakes and remained high for the duration of the summer while at one site concentrations increased linearly. Heatwaves and subsequent storms appeared to play an important role in structuring the phenology of the primary producers, with wider implications for lake functioning. Chlorophyll-a peaked in early September, after which a wind event dissipated concentrations until calmer conditions returned. Synoptic coordinated high frequency monitoring needs to be advanced in Europe as part of water management policy and to improve knowledge on the implications of climate change. Lakes, as dynamic ecosystems with fast moving species-succession, provide a prism to observe the scale of future change.

中文翻译：

---

2019 年欧洲热浪对三个对比鲜明的水生系统的影响

由于气候变化，欧洲热浪事件的频率正在增加。这可能对水生系统的水质和生态功能产生影响。我们在欧洲的三个地点（意大利、爱沙尼亚和立陶宛/俄罗斯）部署了三个光谱辐射计 WISP 站，以高频测量叶绿素 a。2019 年 7 月发生了热浪，欧洲部分地区的每日最高气温超过 40 °C。结束热浪的风暴的影响比热浪本身更明显。风暴过后，两个湖泊中的叶绿素-a 浓度显着增加，并在整个夏季保持高水平，而一个地点的浓度呈线性增加。热浪和随后的风暴似乎在构建初级生产者的物候学方面发挥了重要作用，对湖泊功能具有更广泛的影响。叶绿素-a 在 9 月初达到顶峰，此后风事件使浓度消散，直到恢复平静的条件。作为水资源管理政策的一部分，欧洲需要推进天气协调高频监测，并提高对气候变化影响的认识。湖泊作为具有快速移动物种继承的动态生态系统，为观察未来变化的规模提供了一个棱镜。作为水资源管理政策的一部分，欧洲需要推进天气协调高频监测，并提高对气候变化影响的认识。湖泊作为具有快速移动物种继承的动态生态系统，为观察未来变化的规模提供了一个棱镜。作为水资源管理政策的一部分，欧洲需要推进天气协调高频监测，并提高对气候变化影响的认识。湖泊作为具有快速移动物种继承的动态生态系统，为观察未来变化的规模提供了一个棱镜。