Forests contribute strongly to global carbon (C) sequestration and the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHG) between the soil and the atmosphere. Whilst the microbial activity of forest soils is a major determinant of net GHG exchange, this may be modified by the presence of litter through a range of mechanisms. Litter may act as a physical barrier modifying gas exchange, water movement/retention and temperature/irradiance fluctuations; provide a source of nutrients for microbes; enhance any priming effects, and facilitate macro-aggregate formation. Moreover, any effects are influenced by litter quality and regulated by tree species, climatic conditions (rainfall, temperature), and forest management (clear-cutting, fertilization, extensive deforestation). Based on climate change projections, the importance of the litter layer is likely to increase due to an litter increase and changes in quality. Future studies will therefore have to take into account the effects of litter on soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes for various types of forests globally, including the impact of climate change, insect infestation, and shifts in tree species composition, as well as a better understanding of its role in monoterpene production, which requires the integration of microbiological studies conducted on soils in different climatic zones.

中文翻译：

---

垃圾如何改变森林土壤中 CO2 和 CH4 的通量？迷你评论

森林对全球碳 (C) 固存和土壤与大气之间的温室气体 (GHG) 交换做出了重大贡献。虽然森林土壤的微生物活动是温室气体净交换的主要决定因素，但枯枝落叶的存在可能会通过一系列机制改变这一点。垫料可作为物理屏障改变气体交换、水分运动/滞留和温度/辐照度波动；为微生物提供营养来源；增强任何启动效应，并促进大聚集体的形成。此外，任何影响都受凋落物质量的影响，并受树种、气候条件（降雨量、温度）和森林管理（砍伐、施肥、大面积砍伐森林）的调节。根据气候变化预测，由于垫料的增加和质量的变化，垫料层的重要性可能会增加。因此，未来的研究必须考虑凋落物对土壤二氧化碳的影响₂和 CH ₄全球各类森林的通量，包括气候变化、昆虫侵扰和树种组成变化的影响，以及更好地了解其在单萜生产中的作用，这需要整合进行的微生物研究在不同气候带的土壤上。